问题 问答题 简答题

应当怎样看待社会系统研究方法的方法论功能,它与马克思主义方法论是何种关系?

答案

参考答案:

系统研究方法是对系统科学的最新思维成果进行哲学方法论提炼的产物。社会系统研究方法是系统研究方法在社会科学领域的体现和运用。

(1)社会系统研究方法作为一种方法论的方法论功能

第一,系统科学的兴起对当代科学方法论的发展产生了重大推进作用。

系统科学提供了系统、信息等范畴,整体性、结构性、层次性、开放性、随机性、非线性、非平衡、复杂性等特性。

第二,系统研究方法是解决复杂系统问题的科学方法。(功能)

现代科学的研究对象一般都是复杂系统,系统科学提供了整体性、结构性、层次性等特性有助于研究复杂系统。

(2)社会系统研究方法与马克思主义方法论的关系

社会系统研究方法是辩证思维方法在当代的最新发展

马克思主义方法论是辩证思维方法,是一个辩证统一的方法论系统,马克思主义社会系统研究方法是马克思主义方法论重要内容之一。在创立唯物辩证法的过程中,马恩不仅使用了系统这一概念,而且大量论述涉及和深刻体现了系统思想。马克思主义从社会生产实践出发,把人类社会看作是一个由人口系统、自然环境系统、生产力系统、生产关系系统、上层建筑系统组成的复杂大系统。社会有机体体和社会形态理论是马克思主义社会系统研究方法的重要体现。马克思、恩格斯运用唯物辩证法和唯物史观考察人类社会,把社会系统称做社会有机体。

系统科学形成于20世纪60年代,把对象作为系统来进行专门研究,揭示复杂系统运动的规律,研究和应用它的一般原理去解决实际问题的一个新兴科学群。社会系统研究方法是辩证思维方法在当代的最新发展。

阅读理解

阅读短文,选择正确答案。

     Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister (宰相). He said that the Minister would die the next day.

The next day, the Minister fell to the ground from the horse and really died. When the king learned this, he got

angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once.

     When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, "Effendi, since (既然) you knew when my

Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say it out, or you'll die today."

     Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, "But how can I know? I'll die two days earlier than

you." The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep

Effendi alive as long as possible, so he let Effendi go.

1. This story tells us ________. [ ]

A. how Effendi fooled the king

B. when the king would die

C. why the Minister died

D. Effendi knew the dates of everyone's death

2. The prime Minister died because ________. [ ]

A. Effendi killed him

B. Effendi said he would die

C. he was badly ill

D. he fell off the horse

3. Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendi's own death? [ ]

A. Because the king wanted to know when he himself would die.

B. Because he wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi.

C. Because he himself had known the date of Effendi's death.

D. Because he wanted to know when Effendi would die.

4. The king let Effendi go because _______. [ ]

A. he hoped to live a long life

B. he was afraid of Effendi

C. he didn't believe Effendi's words

D. he knew he would die two days later

5. Which of the following is NOT true? [ ]

A. Effendi played a joke on the Minister.

B. The king was afraid of death.

C. Effendi didn't know when the king would die.

D. If the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.

单项选择题