问题 填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.

答案

参考答案:and

解析:结构搭配。此处所填之词应将后半句与逗号前半句连接起来,且是并列关系,结构同上句的refer to,因此应填并列连词and。

单项选择题
问答题

研究金属的腐蚀对资源的利用和保护意义重大.

(1)为了探究铁锈蚀的条件,进行如图1所示实验.经过一周后观察,试管A和C中的铁钉无明显变化,试管B中的铁钉明显锈蚀.

①通过实验发现:铁锈蚀是铁与______发生化学反应的过程.

②A中加入的蒸馏水要事先煮沸,其目的是______.

(2)家中的刀具若沾有食盐水锈蚀更快.为了进一步探究影响铁锈蚀速率的因素,做了如下的实验.

【提出问题】铁锈蚀速率与哪些因素有关.

【查阅资料】①物质溶解在水中得到的混合物称为水溶液,如氯化钠溶解在水中得到氯化钠溶液,乙醇溶解在水中得到乙醇溶液.        ②氯化钠溶液能导电;乙醇溶液不能导电.

【猜想】铁的锈蚀速率与下列因素有关:①反应时的温度;②氧气的含量;③水溶液的导电性.

【实验】每次取两套如图2所示的装置,编号为I、II.向两套装置中分别装入质量、大小相同的铁钉和等体积的蒸馏水,进行如下三组对比实验(实验开始时,各瓶内气体压强保持一致).

影响因素实验设计实验现象实验结论及解释
①温度装置I放入25℃恒温环境中,装置II放入40℃恒温环境中.两套装置中铁钉均锈蚀,且U型管中液面均由b处上升至a处,则所需时间I>II.锈蚀的速率I<II;铁的锈蚀速率与反应时的温度有关,______.
②氧气含量____________铁的锈蚀速率与氧气的含量有关,氧气的含量越多,铁的锈蚀越快.
③水溶液的导电性在相同温度下,装置I集气瓶中加入10mL氯化钠溶液;装置II集气瓶中加入10mL乙醇.两套装置中铁钉均锈蚀;

且U型管中液面均由b处上升至a处,则所需时间I<II.

______
(3)若将两根铁钉分别放入两支试管中,在一支试管中加入稀硫酸,另一支试管中加入稀盐酸,观察到两支试管内均有大量气泡产生,铁钉逐渐溶解,在酸溶液中被快速腐蚀.

【反思与提高】根据该探究实验以及你所学的知识,判断下列说法正确的是______(填序号).

A.金属的腐蚀是指金属单质与其它物质发生化学反应的过程[

B.金属越活泼,就越容易被锈蚀

C.金属腐蚀不一定要有氧气参加.