问题 单项选择题

阅读短文。


新世纪,中国进入了全面建设小康社会的发展阶段。在“世界已进入信息时代”的一片声浪中,我们一定要头脑清醒,一定要立足于中国的国情。物质生产始终是人类社会生存发展的基础,社会发展进程中工业化阶段不可逾越,我国工业化尚未完成,当前经济的主导产业仍然是制造业。制造业是指对原材料(采掘业的产品及农产品)进行加工或再加工,以及对零部件装配的工业的总称。我们要依靠制造业为人民提供各种生活用品,提供工农业所需要的生产资料、服务业的各种手段、基础设施所需要的各种装备、国防所需的各种武器、科技发展的各种仪器设备以及保证人民健康所需的各种医疗仪器和药品,提供精神文明建设所需的物质条件,等等。
从发达国家的发展情况看,虽然知识经济初见端倪,但其载体仍是制造业,知识经济的发展依赖于工业经济的发达程度,工业经济是知识经济的物质基础。因此,在各发达国家有国民经济中制造业仍占有重要地位。美国、日本和德国的制造业是世界上最发达和最先进的,在国际市场上的竞争力也是最强的,三个国家始终把制造业作为立国强国之本,从未[1]过本国的制造业。高度发达的制造业特别是装备制造业和先进的制造技术已成为衡量一个国家国际竞争能力的重要标志,成为一个国家在竞争激烈的国际市场上获胜的关键因素。在制造业发展中,美、日、德、英均以装备制造业作为主要支柱,重点发展。对于装备制造业,发达国家各自根据国情形成了一定的产业、产品分工,在两至三个主导制造领域形成了大的比较优势,成为世界的龙头。现在发展中国家和地区也在不失时机地发展制造业,如韩国、东盟各国以及我国的台湾地区等,都在把制造业作为实现工业化的基础大力发展,并把装备制造业作为重中之重来发展。近几年,以印度为首的南亚各国的发展正在引起人们的重视。
当前全世界正面临新一轮的大规模重组,任何企业要参与其中,最重要的一点是必须拥有关键资源和核心能力,方可成为市场竞争中的胜者,所以把发展先进制造技术作为制高点,进一步向核心能力集中是制造业企业提高竞争力的关键条件之一。当前我国在生产环节方面仍是世界上最有竞争力的国家之一。发达国家制造业向中国实行梯度转移,主要原因之一是中国在市场潜力、劳工价格和人才资源方面有比较优势。预计在未来若干年内,中国的劳动就业压力仍相当大,如果承接发达国家制造业的产业转移,一可以解决大量就业问题,二能够有利于当地的经济发展,也能够[2]一些先进的管理理念和经验。因此,当前走承接转移的道路仍不失为一个良策。但是,作为生产基地只能作为一种过渡策略,不能作为最终目的,长远看,我国还是要把装备制造业作为重点发展方向。但发展装备制造业需要时间,在产业升级过程中,必须考虑产品的研发、生产、营销和服务各环节的协调发展。

根据原文提供的信息,以下推断正确的一项是( )。

A.世界正面临新的大规模重组,因此我国能抓住机遇,集中力量,加快速度,就能占领先进制造技术的制高点

B.我国与韩国、东盟各国以及我国的台湾地区在制造业上的差距,将随着发达国家制造业向我国实行梯度转移而缩小

C.中国在市场潜力、劳工价格和人才资源方面有比较优势,当前不妨把承接转移作为一种过渡策略

D.发达国家制造业的产业转移使我们汲取一些先进的管理理念和经验,能使我们在装备制造业的发展上更协调有效地进步

答案

参考答案:C

解析: A项,根据我国制造业的现状,无法推出“就能占领先进制造技术的制高点”;B项,“发达国家制造业向我国实行梯度转移”,不会缩小差距,相反可能扩大;D项,“产业转移”并不能直接“使我们在装备制造业的发展上更协调有效地进步”。

单项选择题

What would happen if consumers decided to simplify their lives and spend less on material goods and services This question is taking on a certain urgency as rates of economic growth continue to decelerate through the industrialized world, and as millions of consumers appear to be opting for more frugal lifestyles. The Stanford Research Institute, which has done some of the most extensive work on the frugality phenomenon, estimates that nearly five million American adults are pursuing lives of "voluntary simplicity", and double that number "adhere to and act on some but not all" of its basic tenets.

The frugality phenomenon first achieved prominence as a middle-class rejection of high consumption lifestyle in the industrialized world during the 1950s and 1960s. In The Silent Revolution, Ronald Inglehart of the University of Michigan’s Institute of Social Research examined this experience in the United States and 10 Western European nations. He concluded that a change has taken place "from an overwhelming emphasis on material well-being and physical security toward greater emphasis on the quality of life," that is, "a shift from materialism to post-materialism. "

Inglehart calls the 1960s the "fat years". Among their more visible trappings were the ragged blue jeans favored by the affluent young. Most of the retreat from materialism, however, was less visible. Comfortably fixed Americans were going without change, making things last longer, sharing things with others, learning to do things for themselves and so on. But while economically significant, it was hardly discernible in a US Gross National Product climbing vigorously toward the $ 2 thousand billion mark.

Yet as the frugality phenomenon matured—growing out of the soaring 1980s and into the sober 1990s—it seemed to undergo a fundamental transformation. American consumers continued to lose faith in materialism and were being joined by new converts who were embracing frugality because of the darkening economic skies they saw ahead. Resource scarcities, soaring energy prices, persistent inflation, high-level unemployment, balance-of-trade deficits, the declining value of the US dollar on foreign exchange markets forced consumers to look to their own resources. The one device which seemed most promising, the one over which they had the most control, was frugality—learning to live with less in a world where a penny saved was still a penny earned.

The frugality phenomenon was less visible in the 1960s because ().

A. most Americans were comfortably fixed and didn’t want to change

B. the robust American economy then made it hardly discernible

C. the retreat from materialism was not economically significant

D. most people didn’t want to be accused of resisting the tradition

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