问题 多项选择题

审美主体的存在状态有()

A.惊异

B.体验

C.澄明

D.理解

E.感知

答案

参考答案:A, B, C

多项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。
文化是庞大的集合体,可以有不同的划分标准。按社区标准划分,中国传统文化分乡镇文化、山林文化、江湖文化和都市文化。
乡镇文化指从农村生活方式中生长出来的文化形态,数千年来注重礼教伦常就是乡镇文化的结晶,从中分离出来的是山林文化。
山林是隐士栖身所在。逍遥自在,复归自然,是他们的中心口号,佛老思想为这种人类态度提供了思辨外壳,不过,人总要生存,衣食住行须来自一定的生产方式。因此,隐士仍要卷入现实社会关系之中,这常给隐士心态造成二重性。
江湖文化大体由乡镇文化的下层脱胎而出,指浮浪人特别是游侠的活动。侠没有固定职业,受雇于人,用暴力替雇主完成使命,战国时代常成为贵族政争的工具,构成与国家 * * 对峙的社会势力。汉曾大力摧抑。唐宋以后,侠逐渐分化,一批人以城市为基础,结成帮会,鱼肉平民;另一批人则占据草泽,打家劫舍。因其与封建政教法令相抗,有时成为民众反抗压迫的表现形式;而自目效忠恩主,讲求江湖义气的思想也易为统治势力所利用。“言必信,行必果”,“重然诺,轻生死”,仗义疏财,扶危济困,已升华为社会道德,与士大夫文人宣泄抑郁不平之气的愿望结合起来。汉魏盛唐诗歌有关游侠的题咏,是这种士人心态幻化的结晶。宋明理学兴起,任侠带异端嫌疑,侠义传统却在传奇小说、宋元话本、明清演义中获得发展,表明游侠风气向市民心曲过渡,跟鬼神、清官故事一样,是市民阶级软弱的正义感的显影。
都市文化是异质环境里生成的文化形态。中国古代都市常是封建政府所在地,市民阶级十分软弱。追逐财利,物质欲望是都市文化的出发点。利欲观念又会不断演进,财利可提高政治权利,物欲可扩展到性欲、情欲。中国城市文化在后一方面表现得比较充分,前一方面不很明显。市民色彩最浓的话本、戏曲,鼓吹发财致富,称扬白由情爱以至露骨的
性描写,比比皆是,而民权则付阙如,要有也仅限于对侵害人身、财产、婚姻等现象的揭露,未提到法权原则上来,更谈不上争取参 * * 、执 * * 了。 (节选自陈伯海《中国的传统文化》)

以下是根据原文所提供的信息与相关知识进行的推断,正确的一项是______。

A.任何一种文化都会多少作用于社会,中 * * 数千年来都注重礼教伦常的传统,就是乡镇文化的教化作用使然

B.“侠士”讲求江湖义气,中国古代作品中描写其侠肝义胆,敢作敢为,正好迎合了市民心理,因而诸如荆轲、鲁智深、李逵等形象深为人们喜爱

C.宋明时代,由于理学的兴起,促进了传奇、话本、演义小说的兴盛与发展

D.中国古代都市是封建政府所在地,市民阶级十分软弱,因此,都市文化必然的具有媚欲性,《金瓶梅》、《红楼梦》就是这种土壤中产生的文学

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Allen goes everywhere with Brigitte Anderson, a 54-year-old secretary. He moves around her office at

work and goes shopping with her. "Most people don't seem to mind Allen," says Brigitte, who thinks he is

wonderful. "He is my fourth child," she says. She may think of him and treat him that way, buying his food,

paying his health bills and his taxes, but in fact Allen is a dog.

     Brigitle and Allen live in Sweden, a country where everyone is expected to lead an orderly life according

to rules laid down by the government, which also provides a high level of care for its people. This level of

care costs money.

     People in Sweden pay taxes on everything, so they aren't surprised to find that owning a dog means more

taxes. Some people are paying as much as 500 Sweden kronor (克朗) in taxes a year for the right to keep

their dogs, money that is spent by the government on dog hospitals and sometimes medical treatment for a

dog that falls ill. However, most such treatment is expensive, so owners often decide to pay health and even

life insurance (保险) for their dogs.

     In Sweden dog owners must pay for any damage their dogs do. A Swedish kennel (宠物园) club official

explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car, you, as the owner,

have to pay for any damage done to the car, even if your dog has been killed in the accident.

1. Brigitte pays taxes for Allen because _____. [ ]

A. he is her dog

B. he is her child

C. he follows her everywhere

D. he often falls ill

2. The money paid as dog taxes is used to _____. [ ]

A. keep a high level of care for the people

B. pay for damage done by dogs

C. provide medical care for dogs

D. buy insurance for dog owners

3. From the passage it can be learned that in Sweden _____. [ ]

A. dogs are welcome in public places

B. keeping dogs means asking for trouble

C. many car accidents are caused by dogs

D. people should pay a lot for their dogs

4. If a dog causes a car accident and gets killed, who should pay for the damage done to the car? [ ]

A. The owner of the car.

B. The owner of the dog.

C. The insurance company.

D. The government.

5. What does the underlined word "he" refer to? [ ]

A. Brigitte.

B. Allen.

C. Anderson.

D. Secretary