问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成各题。

恨书

宗璞

写下这个题目,自己觉得有几分吓人。书之可宝可爱,尽人皆知,何以会惹得我恨?有时甚至是恨恨不已,恨声不绝,恨不得把它们都扔出去,剩下一间空荡荡的屋子。

显而易见,最先的问题是地盘问题。老父今年九十岁了,少说也积了七十年书。虽然屡经各种洗礼,所藏还是可观。原先集中摆放,一排一排,很有个小图书馆的模样。后来人口扩张,下一代不愿住不见阳光的小黑屋,见“图书馆”阳光明媚,便对书有些怀恨。“书都把人挤得没地方了。”这意见母亲在世时便有。听说有位老学者一直让书住正房,我这一代人可没有那修养了,以为人为万物之灵,书也是人写的,人比书更应该得到阳光空气,得到推窗得见的好景致。

后来便把书化整为零,分在各个房间。于是我的斗室也摊上几架旧书,《列子》《抱朴子》《亢仓子》《淮南子》《燕丹子》……,它们遥远又遥远,神秘又无用。还有《皇清经解》,想起来便觉得腐气冲天。而我的文稿札记只好塞在这些书缝中,可怜地露出一点纸边,几乎要遗失在悠久的历史的茫然里。

其次惹得人恨的是书柜。它们的年龄都已有半个世纪,有的古色古香,上面的大篆字至今没有确解。这我倒并无恶感,糟糕的是许多书柜没有拉手,当初可能没有这种“设备”(照说也不至于),以致很难开关,关时要对准榫头,关上后便再也开不开,每次都得起用改锥(那也得找半天)。可是有的柜门却太松,低头屈身,找下面柜中书时,上面的柜门会忽然掉下,啪的一声砸在头上,真把人打得发昏。岂非关系人命的大事!怎不令人怀恨!有时晚饭后全家围坐笑语融融之际,或夜深梦酣之时,忽然一声巨响,使人心惊胆战,以为是地震或某种爆炸,惊起或披衣起来查看,原来是柜门掉了下来!

其实这些都不是解决不了的问题,只因我理家包括理书无方,才因循至此。可是因为书,我常觉惶惶然。这种惶惶然的感觉细想时可分为二:一是常感负疚,一是常觉遗憾。确是无法解决的。

邓拓同志有句云:“闭户遍读家藏书。”谓是人生一乐。在家藏旧书中遇见一本想读的书,真令人又惊又喜。但看来我今生是不能有遍读之乐了。不要说读,连理也做不到。一因没有时间,忙里偷闲时也有比书更重要的人和事需要照管料理。二是没有精力,有时需要放下最重要的事坐着喘气儿。三是因有过敏疾病,不能接触久置积尘的书。于是大家推选外子为图书馆馆长。这些年我们在这座房子里搬来搬去,可怜他负书行的路约也在百里以上了。在每次搬动之余,也处理一些没有保存价值的东西。一次我从外面回来,见我们的图书馆长正在门前处理旧书。我稍一拨弄,竟发现两本,《丛书集成》中的花卉书。要知道《丛书集成》约四千本一套,少了两本便是残书!我在怒火上升又下降之后,觉得他也太辛苦,哪能一本本都仔细看过。又怀疑是否扔去了珍贵的书,又责怪自己无能,没有担负起应尽的责任。如此怨天尤人,到后来觉得罪魁祸首都是书!

书还使我常觉遗憾。在我们磕头碰脑满眼旧书的居所中,常常发现有想读的或特别珍爱的书不见了。我曾遇一本英文书,翻了一两页,竟很有诗意。想看,搁在一边,也找不到了。又曾遇一本陆志韦关于唐诗的五篇英文演讲,想看,搁在一边,也找不到了。后来大图书馆中贴出这一书目,当然也不会特意去借。最令人痛惜的是《四库全书》中萧云从《离骚》全图的影印本,很大的本子,极讲究的锦面,醒目的大字,想细细把玩,可是,又找不到了!也许只在此山中,云深不知处?据图书馆长说已遍寻无着——总以为若是我自己找,可能会出现。但是总未能找,书也未出现。

好遗憾啊!于是我想,还不如根本没有这些书,也不用负疚,也没有遗憾。

那该多么轻松。对无能如我者来说,这可能是上策。但我毕竟神经正常,不能真把书全请出门,只好仍时时恨恨,凑和着过日子。

是曰恨书。

(选自《宗璞散文精品集》)

小题1:书的“可恨”之处有那些?请结合全文予以概括。(6分)

小题2:请从表达技巧的角度赏析文中划线的语句。(6分)

小题3:作者写邓拓把“闭户遍读家藏书”当做人生一乐之事,有何用意?(4分)

小题4:文章以“恨书”为题,有何妙处?请简析。(6分)

答案

小题1:①侵占地盘,“书都把人挤得没地方了”; ②书柜很难开关,有的柜门太松容易掉下来伤人;③书让“我常”觉惶惶然,常感负疚,常常遗憾。

小题2:这几句话运用心理描写,将作者发现好书被弃后由愤怒到体谅、再到怀疑、进而自责的复杂而曲折的心理过程刻画得真切具体,含蓄地揭示出作者的爱书惜书之情,为后文的议论作铺垫。

小题3:以邓拓读书之乐反衬自己不能从容读书之憾,表达自己因日常生活的烦扰牵绊而不能尽读书之乐的负疚和无奈。

小题4:①世人爱书,而“我”却“恨书”,巧妙设置悬念,激发读者的阅读兴趣; ②正话反说,“恨书”却“不能真把书全请出门”,“恨书”之深正显爱书之切;③结构全文,为贯穿全文的线索。

小题1:无

小题2:无

小题3:无

小题4:无

简答题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

       We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by

testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

      We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in

the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. As

we are used to passive learning, it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with

friends and co-workers.

      Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even

when it is nothing but hearsay and rumor (谣言).

      Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't show

it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it

to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message

word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original

message has changed.

      That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes

the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative understanding

to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping (打上标记) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear

it think they know.

      This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be

re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless

it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the

explanation he placed upon those facts.

1. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _____. [ ]

A. doing a medical experiment

B. solving a math problem

C. visiting an exhibition

D. doing scientific reasoning

2. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____. [ ]

A. a message may be changed when being passed on

B. a message should be delivered in different ways

C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing

D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

3. What can we infer from the passage? [ ]

A. Active learning is less important.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.