问题 问答题 简答题

什么是大众社会?

答案

参考答案:

大众社会是一个特定的概念,它是伴随西方社会科学中的“大众社会论”而出现的。这种理论认为,19世纪末20世纪初是人类进入大众的一个分界点,其标志是大众传媒的出现和普及,在这个时代,传统的社会结构、等级秩序、统一的价值体系已经打破,社会成员失去了统一的行为参照系,成了孤立的、分散的、均质的原子,即所谓大众。

大众的特点是:

1.规模的巨大性,在人数上超过大部分社会集团或群体;

2.分散性和无组织性,即大众是分散、孤立的个人聚合体,缺乏明确的自我意识和自我约束力;

3.匿名性,成员之间互不认识;

4.流动性,大众的范围依对象问题而时有变化,其成员是流动的;

5.被动性,即大众不能作为主体行动,它的行动主要是大众,另一方面是对大众进行控制和操作的社会精英。

社会精英主要不是通过社会组织,而是通过大众传媒进行操作和控制。大众社会论认为受众是一个完全被动的存在,它既是大众传播形成的,又主要是从大众传媒那里接受影响。

阅读理解

I usually get up at 5:00. I make coffee, go to my desk and work. When my boys get up, I’m theirs. I follow the min to the kitchen and make them breakfast. While they’re eating, I make their lunch, pick out their school clothes and get the little one dressed.

My wife takes them to school. I bring them home. I am not the only father at the school gate. The boys and I walk the 12 blocks home unless the weather is terrible. Then we take the subway. I remind them of looking out, like an animal looking after their babies.

At home, they play on the computer and the little one will draw, sometimes for hours. When their mother comes home, they run to her. She has been in the official day and tired, but her attention is all on them.

I have made dinner. We sit down and eat together. After they do their homework, Karen takes them to bed. I listen to the noise of the boys’ and their mother’s voice.

One afternoon when we were on the way home from school, the boys and I stopped at the clothing store. The saleswoman looked at the boys and said to me in a low voice, “You’re Mr. Mom, aren’t you?” I felt very angry. I’m not Mr. Mom. That’s not how I look at myself. The boys have a mother, a wonderful mother. She works outside the home, I work in the home. We are parents together. I’m a father!

小题1:The first paragraph talks about_____________.

A.what the children have for breakfast

B.how busy the man is in the morning

C.why the man cooks lunch

D.when the children go to school小题2:We know from the second paragraph that_____________.

A.they take the subway to school when the weather is bad

B.the man drives a car and his wife walks to work

C.the man goes to meet the boys before school is over

D.it doesn’t take them long to arrive home小题3:Paragraph 3 tells us that __________.

A.the children’s mother is very strict with them

B.the man’s wife works in an office very near the school

C.the children’s mother used to be back hours later than them.

D.the man has three or more children and the youngest loves drawing小题4:We learn from the last two paragraphs________________.

A.what the saleswoman said has hurt the man a lot

B.before the children get to sleep, the man’s wife tells stories

C.what the man hast o do from morning to night everyday

D.the man’s wife is Karen and she talks a lot小题5:This passage tells us_____________.

A.never to call a man Mr. Mom

B.the man doesn’t enjoy working at home

C.something about the children’s school life

D.what kind of people the man and his wife are

单项选择题