问题 问答题 简答题

帕金森病治疗中何时开始应用复方—左旋多巴(L-Dopa)?

答案

参考答案:

何时开始应用复方L-Dopa治疗,目前尚有争议。主要因长期用药会产生疗效减退、和异动症等并发症,也有人担心长期大量应用L-Dopa会加速病情发展。总体而言,是否应用复方左旋多巴取决于患者帕金森症状导致的功能障碍程度,同时兼顾患者年龄、工作性质、药物不良发应等因素决定用药。当患者功能障碍比较轻微时,可先应用多巴胺受体激动剂、抗胆碱能药物或者金刚烷胺等,当功能障碍比较明显其他药物不能有效治疗时才考虑应用复方左旋多巴类药物。年轻患者宜适当推迟使用,早期尽量使用其他抗帕金森病药物,因为年轻患者依赖药物治疗的时间长,且使用L-Dopa易出现运动并发症;年轻患者因就业要求而不得不用L-Dopa时,应与其他药物各用,以减少复方L-mopa的剂量。年老患者可考虑早期用L-Dopa,因为发生运动并发症的机会相对较少,且对合并用药的耐受性差。

完形填空
Ever since I was little, my favorite season was winter. I loved to play in the snow and enjoy the hot chocolate.
____36_____, winter never gave me the special gift of snow on my birthday. I would ask my grandmother ____37____ it didn’t snow on my birthday. She would laugh and tell me I asked too many questions. ___38____one day, she promised that she would make it snow on my next birthday.
That year, ____39____ my birthday, my grandmother died.  I was sad but angry because she had promised to make it snow. The day of my sixth birthday, I woke up and ran to the window, hoping to see just one snowflake. But there was no snow. I felt mad at my grandmother. She had broken a promise.
But my sixteenth birthday, I had lost all hope of getting my snow, even though I still wished for ___40____. During my party, I stayed with my friends and family and was truly happy. I ___41___ the best time ever! Then I saw the white snow ____42___down all around. I was so excited that I ran around screaming and laughing. My friends all laughed ____43___me, but I didn’t care.
When I ___44____home, my grandpa said he had a gift for me. I was ___45___ because he had given me a gift. It was a small white box, which looked old. I opened it. There was a crystal snowflake(水晶雪花) with a card that said, “Happy Birthday.”
How could this be? My grandpa said it was my grandmother’s final ___46____ on my “sweet sixteenth”. I cried.
I was ___47_____ that my smiling grandmother angel was and had been watching over me.
小题1:
A.CertainlyB.UnfortunatelyC.ImportantlyD.Luckily
小题2:
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
小题3:
A.ButB.OrC.ThenD.So
小题4:
A.onB.afterC.beforeD.in
小题5:
A.itB.herC.himD.me
小题6:
A.hadB.wasC.playedD.feared
小题7:
A.fellB.to fallC.fallenD.falling
小题8:
A.withB.atC.fromD.off
小题9:
A.arrived atB.remainedC.gotD.entered
小题10:
A.excitedB.confusedC.pleasedD.frustrated
小题11:
A.orderB.mistakeC.wishD.decision
小题12:
A.certainB.angryC.sadD.anxious
判断题