问题 问答题 简答题

《规程》对陀螺仪定向测量有哪些要求?陀螺仪定向测量时,应注意什么事项?

答案

参考答案:

《规程》规定,井下陀螺仪定向两次独立观测平均值的中误差,对15‡和25‡级仪器分别为±10‡和±15‡。因此,每条陀螺定向边都应根据实测成果,求出其坐标方位角的中误差。陀螺仪定向测量时应注意的事项:

(1)陀螺经纬仪的定向测量精度,与操作熟练程度有关。井上、下观测应由同一个人进行。前后两次测量仪器常数,一般应在三昼夜完成;

(2)仪器必须注意保管,防止撞击及强烈震动,保存处要干燥通风;

(3)启动和制动马达都必须在托起时进行。在马达未停止转动时,不应搬运仪器或移动经纬仪照准部;在松开和夹紧陀螺过程中,动作要轻、慢、匀;跟踪时要及时随动,不能让灵敏部碰撞到限幅结构上或光标超越视场范围;

(4)在野外观测时,全部仪器应避免阳光照射;

(5)使用电源逆变器时,应注意正确连接;使用外接电源时,应注意电压、极性是否正确;启动和关闭马达等,应严格遵照仪器说明书操作;

(6)限幅盘的导向轴应及时加仪表油滑润;

(7)观测目镜取下后,应立即用保护盖将分划板盖上,以防止尘土污染;

(8)观测目镜或其它光学零件受污染时,要用擦镜纸蘸酒精、乙醇(或混合)擦洗,避免用布片或用其它纸擦拭;

(9)一般不要把仪器的经纬仪部分当普通经纬仪单独使用,以防止桥形支架变形,并确保陀螺仪装上时定位可靠。

阅读理解

In the most southern part of our planet, there’s a place that’s covered with snow and ice all year round. But it has the clearest and cleanest air. Amazingly, in this place, the sun sometimes hangs even in the midnight sky. This place is Antarctica (南极洲): the coldest, windiest and harshest (恶劣的) place on the Earth.

As the world’s least-known place, Antarctica is of great interest to scientists around the world. In 1983, China joined the Antarctic Treaty (《南极条约》). The treaty made Antarctica a peaceful place for member countries to do scientific research. During 30 years, China has sent many scientists to Antarctica. They mostly look at the resources under the icy land and do research about climate change and marine (海洋的) biology.

Antarctica is a place with fantastic views. However, life there is very hard. Food is one of the biggest problems. Frozen (速冻) food which can be heated easily is people’s daily food. Fresh vegetables are hard to grow in the cold weather. Therefore, scientists often eat dried or canned vegetables.

Sleep is also troublesome. In Antarctica, summer lasts from November to March. During this period, Antarctica points to the sun and receives sunlight 24 hours a day. In order to get some sleep, scientists cover the windows with black plastic cloth to create “night”.

Working in Antarctica is dangerous, especially when meeting gale-force (七级以上的) winds. Sometimes the wind is even stronger than a typhoon. It can easily blow people away. So there are ropes that connect buildings of some research stations. People can hold these ropes to keep their balance in forceful winds.

What’s more, communicating with others is difficult. Without cables and Internet in some research stations, two-way radios are the only tools to communicate. If people want to say hello to friends and relatives, they can use satellite phones.

Although it is challenging to work in Antarctica, scientists’ passion to learn about this mysterious land will never end. It is hopeful that one day they will step every corner of this icy land.

小题1:From Paragraph 1, we learn that the Antarctica ______.

A.is covered with snow and ice

B.rains heavily from time to time

C.has little wind most of the time

D.has sunshine during every night小题2:Scientists from China go to Antarctica to _____.

A.find out ways to control water pollution

B.research climate change and marine biology

C.grow plants and vegetables in special condition

D.stop the hunters from killing the marine biology小题3:In order to sleep well in Antarctica, the scientists have to _____.

A.wear more clothes to keep warm

B.cover the windows with black cloth

C.connect research stations with ropes

D.eat more fried and canned vegetables小题4:We can replace (替换) the underlined word passion in the last paragraph with       .

A.strong love

B.full preparation

C.pleasant introduction

D.amazing imagination小题5:The passage is mainly about       .

A.view of the Antarctica

B.exploring the Antarctica

C.how to survive in the Antarctica

D.climate changes of the Antarctica

单项选择题