问题 问答题 简答题

磺胺类药物有哪些常见的不良反应?如何防治?

答案

参考答案:

(1)肾脏损害:某些磺胺及其乙酰化物在酸性尿中溶解度降低,易析出结晶损害肾脏,出现结晶尿、血尿、管型尿、尿少或尿闭等。为避免这些反应可多饮水,并同时服用碳酸氢钠以碱化尿液。

(2)过敏反应:以皮疹、药热较常见。常见的皮疹是同定型药疹,此外尚有光敏性皮炎,猩红热样及麻疹样皮疹。偶见有眼、口及 * * 粘膜溃疡。有交叉过敏反应。

(3)血液系统反应:偶见粒细胞缺乏症、再生障碍性贫血及血小板减少症,可能是磺胺对骨髓的直接抑制作用,也可能是过敏反应。对葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PD.缺乏者可致急性溶血性贫血。

(4)其他:主要为消化系统和中枢症状,如恶心、呕吐、眩晕、乏力等,但均轻微,不必停药,驾驶员、高空作业者应用磺胺时应慎重。

选择题
阅读理解

B

America has long been considered the land of opportunity(机遇)by those from other countries. Americans, too, believe that the United States gives almost limitless opportunities for those who want to open business on their own.

Today, Americans are still fond of trying their hand at becoming small business people, even though only one out of two survives in the first two years. Many of these people start their business for the wrong reason; to get away from the paper work of their present jobs or to exchange the responsibility(责任) of their present jobs for freer life styles. But more, not less paper work and responsibility come with the ownership of a small business.

Not all small businesses succeed. Fifty percent of the 4 550 000 that start in the United States ever fail. Still ninety-five percent of businesses in the U.S. can be regarded as small, and these businesses altogether produce forty percent of America’s total national products.

60.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A.People from other countries and Americans think there are a lot of opportunities in the U.S.

B.Only the Americans think the U.S. can give them many opportunities.

C.Both people from other countries and Americans believe they have many opportunities in the U.S so that they can do whatever they like.

D.People from other countries and Americans all think the U.S. the place where they can realize their dreams.

61.From this passage, we know that________.

A.many people from other countries think that in the past there were many opportunities in the U.S. but not now

B.now Americans don’t believe the U.S. can give them a lot of opportunities

C.people from other countries still think they have more opportunities in the U.S. than in their own countries

D.Americans think they have more opportunities to start their own business than those from other countries

62.According to this passage, many American people like to start their own business because___.

A.they want to become rich soon

B.they not only dislike their present jobs but also want a freer life style

C.they don’t want to do paper work

D.they want to have more chances

63.From this passage, we can get the idea that________.

A.it is easy to do business successfully in the U.S

B.it is easy to start a business but hard to make it successful

C.there are more big business than small business in the U.S

D.only big business can succeed in the U.S