问题 单项选择题

图7-25是网络地址转换(NAT)的一个实例。根据图7-25中信息,标号为②的方格中的内容应为()。

A.S=59.67.1.1,1234

B.S=59.67.1.1,1234、D=135.2.1.1,80、D=10.0.1.1.80

C.S=135.2.1.1,80

D.S=10.0.1.1.1435、D=10.0.1.1,1435、D=59.67.1.1,1234

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

在图7-25所示的网络地址转换实例中,如果内部网络地址为10.0.1.1的主机希望访问Internet上地址为135.2.1.1的Web服务器,那么它会产生一个源IP地址为10.0.1.1、源端口号为1435(注:客户机进程临时自动分配的端口号)、目的IP地址为135.2.1.1、目的端口号为80的IP分组,在图3-5中标记为“S=10.0.1.1,1435 D=135.2.1.1,80”。该IP分组到达执行。NAT功能的路由器时,路由器会将分组的源IP地址从内部专用地址转换成可以在外部:Internet上路由的全局IP地址。此时,分组中的源IP地址10.0.1.1将被转换成NAT转换表中其对应的地址59.67.1.1,并且传输层客户机进程的端口号也需要跟随转换,本例是从1435转换为1234。之所以要同时考虑传输层客户进程端口号的转换,是因为一些应用层的应用程序在执行过程中可能需要在源IP地址与目的IP地址之间,除了交换TCP数据之外,还需要交换uDP数据。根据传输层进程通信的规定,TCP与UDP的端口号分配是不同的。那么,TCP与UDP协议的端口号是变化的,因此必须同时考虑IP地址与端口号之间的转换关系。因此,在图7-25中标号为②的方格中的内容应为“S=59.67.1.1,1234 D=135.2.1.1,80”。可见,对于内部网到。Internet的请求分组,经过NAT转换之后,源IP地址、源端口号发生变化,目的IP地址、目的端口号保持不变。

当IP地址为135.2.1.1的Web服务器给地址为10.0.1.1的客户机返回响应结果时,在进入NAT路由器之前的IP分组的源IP地址为135.2.1.1,源端口号为80,目的IP地址为59.67.1.1,目的端口号为1234,即在图3-5中标号为③的方格中的内容应为“S=135.2.1.1,80D=59.67.1.1,1234”。该IP分组经过查询路由器中NAT转换表可知,目的IP地址59.67.1.1应转换成10.0.1.1,目的端口号1234应转换成1435,而源IP地址、源端口号保持不变,即在图3-5中标号为④的方格中的内容应为“S=135.2.1.1,80 D=10.0.1.1,1,435”。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     It can be dangerous to travel by sea. Ships sometimes sink far away from land. When this happens,

the sailors (水手) have to get into small boats. If another ship does not come and help them and they do

not have enough food or water, they may die.

      Most people believe we must not drink sea water. They believe that if we do, we shall be very ill

because of all the salt in the water. A doctor called Alain Bombard did not believe this. He thought that

people could stay alive by drinking sea water and eating small fish, animals, and plants from the sea. On

19 October 1953, he set out in a small boat to cross the Atlantic Ocean. He did not take any food or water

with him. 

     Every day Dr. Bombard drank just a little sea water. He also caught fish and they had water in them.

He took small plants from the sea, which gave him more food.

     Dr. Bombard became hot, tired and quite ill, but after 65 days at sea he was still alive. He traveled

2750 miles from one side of the Atlantic Ocean to the other, and on 24 December 1953, he reached

Barbados.

     He lost 20 kilos, but he showed that people could live on sea water and animals and plants in the sea.

1. What is this story mainly about?

A. Drinking sea water.

B. A dying sailor.

C. A clever doctor.

D. A happy journey.

2. Alain Bombard was _______.

A. an old sailor

B. a fisherman

C. a teacher

D. a doctor

3. He went across_________ in 1953.

A. many countries

B. a large ocean

C. a ship

D. a small town

4. He wanted to show that _________.

A. sea water was dangerous

B. fish and plants were good for people

C. people could drink seawater and not die

D. sailors often died when they were traveling on the sea

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