问题 单项选择题

程序化决策是指经常重复发生,能按原已规定的程序、处理方法和标准进行的决策。非程序化决策是指管理中首次出现的或偶然出现的非重复性的决策。其无先例可循,随机性和偶然性大。
根据以上定义,下列属于非程序化决策的一项是( )。

A.某公司决定是否要跨行业经营
B.学校根据四季变化安排师生作息时间
C.工厂炼铁炉里的铁水达到一定温度后,下达出炉的指令
D.政府部门在节假日前发布休假通知

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 根据定义,非程序化决策定义的关键信息是“首次出现的或偶然出现的非重复性的决策”。B项中学校安排师生作息时间是“重复发生的”,根据“原已规定的程序、处理方法和标准”进行的程序化决策。同理,C、D项中的工厂和政府部门进行的也都是程序化决策。A项中的某公司决定是否要跨行业经营,属于公司经营中面对的“首次出现或偶然出现的非重复性的决策”,且其无先例可循,符合非程序化决策的定义,当选。

单项选择题
阅读理解

The fourth of July marks the anniversary of America’s Declaration of Independence from Britain. During the summer of 1776, American colonists were deeply divided. Almost one in three was loyal to Britain. Yet most were increasingly angry about what they considered unfair treatment by the British government. By June, fighting had already taken place between colonial forces and Britain. The idea of independence was spreading.

Delegates (代表) from the thirteen colonies gathered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress decided that a document declaring separation from Britain should be declared. Thomas Jefferson led a committee chosen to write it.

On July 4th, 1776, the Continental Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence. It says that people have the right to change their government if it denies them their rights. It states that everyone has the right to life, liberty and the pursuit (追求) of happiness.

Today, the Fourth of July holiday is a time for friends and families to gather. They might play sports and eat hot dogs, hamburgers and other foods cooked outdoors. They might watch a parade in their community. At night, many people gather to watch fireworks bursting in the dark sky.

In Washington, D. C. this year (2011), thousands of people attended a concert with performances by musicians. There was also a huge fireworks show with more than two thousand five hundred shells exploding over the National Mall.

Another event that traditionally took place on the National Mall was the Smithsonian Folk life Festival. This year’s event celebrated the cultures of Mexico and Asian Pacific Americans. Visitors heard the music, eat the food and learn about the many traditions of these cultures.

The third subject of the festival was called “Smithsonian Inside Out”. Smithsonian experts had a chance to present their research and knowledge to the public.

小题1:Why was the idea of independence spreading before July 4, 1776? (No more than 10 words)

小题2:What right does everyone have according to the Declaration of Independence? (No more than 13 rds)

小题3:What does the Fourth of July holiday mean to Americans today? (No more than 10 words)

小题4:What happened at “Smithsonian Inside Out” this year (in 2011)? (No more than 12 words)