问题 综合题

(15分)【历史上重大改革问眸】阅渎材料,回答下列问题:

材料一 西汉前期,钱币袭秦形制,文曰“半两”,法定重量当为十二铢。但铸造时通常实重不及其额,前后铸造的钱币大小、轻重亦不一致。诸侯、达官、豪富多私造牟利,私铸钱低劣者薄如榆英.号为“英钱”。不同时期、来源、质量的货币同时流通于市场,折算困难,交易非常不便。汉武帝统治时期,由于对外征伐不断,中央财政从此前“京师之钱累巨万.贯朽而不可校”的丰盈一变而为入不敷出的困局。

材料二 汉武帝于元鼎四年(前1l3年)将铸币权从各郡国收归中央政府,使中央政府对五铢进行统一铸造和发行。“於是悉禁郡国无铸钱,专令上林三官铸。钱既多,而令天下非三官钱不得行,诸郡国所前铸钱皆废销之,输其铜三官。而民之铸钱益少,计其费不能相当,唯真工大 * * 乃盗为之。”五铢钱轻重合宜,自汉至隋七百余年,基本上行用不废。

——以上材料均整理自白寿彝主编《中国通史》

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括汉武帝时期币制改革的背景。(5分)

(2)根据上述材料并结合所学知识,指出汉武帝统一货币的举措,并进行评价。(10分)

答案

(1)大一统王朝需要统一货币;流通的货币与法定货币形制、价值不符;中央政府没有集中铸币权;币制混乱,影响商业正常发展;战争导致政府财政入不敷出。(5分)

(2)举措:汉武帝将铸币权收归中央政府,统一铸造五铢钱。(2分)

作用:打击地方诸侯和豪强势力,有助于解决王国问题,加强中央集权,巩固国家统一;稳定币制,确保交易正常进行,有利于社会经济发展;有助于缓解国家财政危机;使币制和币值保持长期稳定,后世沿用。(8分)

题目分析:(1)本题主要考查学生调动和运用知识的能力。根据材料“铸造时通常实重不及其额,前后铸造的钱币大小、轻重亦不一致”“不同时期、来源、质量的货币同时流通于市场,折算困难,交易非常不便”“由于对外征伐不断,中央财政从此前“京师之钱累巨万.贯朽而不可校”的丰盈一变而为入不敷出的困局”并结合所学知识可以得出汉武帝时期币制改革的背景。

(2)本题主要考查学生对材料的分析概括能力和论证和探讨问题的能力。从材料“铸币权从各郡国收归中央政府,使中央政府对五铢进行统一铸造和发行”可以知道汉武帝统一货币的举措。结合材料和所学知识可知,汉武帝的措施打击地方诸侯和豪强势力,有助于解决王国问题,加强中央集权,巩固国家统一;稳定币制,确保交易正常进行,有利于社会经济发展;有助于缓解国家财政危机;使币制和币值保持长期稳定,后世沿用。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解
Half a century ago, during the Sino-Japanese War, I was a student at National Southwest Associated University at Kunming in southern China, Lectures were often accompanied by the pitter-patter of rain on the tin roofs of the classrooms; that mud floors were full of holes; and wind blew through paneless windows. As for the library, it was a bare skeleton. A good reference book was used for years and journals usually arrived after a couple of years’ delay.
But despite such hardship, I had the best of my student days in Kunming. Although we were short of research materials, we were uncompromising(坚定的)in our pursue of knowledge and truth. I spent six years at Southwest and obtained my first and second degrees in physics here. I still value those days fervently. In fact it was at Southwest that I first came across Reader’s Digest. To me, the magazine’s insistence on perfection both in style and accuracy—as well as its celebration of life even in the face of hardship—is similar to the values I learned at Southwest.
Later, I went to the United States to study under Enrich Ferimi, the famous physicist who directed the world’s first nuclear chain reaction. One of the first things Ferimi emphasized to me was that physics shouldn’t be so overwhelming(压倒性的)that it is beyond the average man. Physics research, he said, should be connected with our daily lives and physicists should devote most of their efforts to solving practical problems. I couldn’t agree more. Indeed, I think this simple, close-to-life.
Approach applies other attempts too. Reader’s Digest is highly informative, but it is easy to read, and easy to understand, never exaggerating or mystifying. This truthful, down-to earth quality is what I treasure now.
小题1:What is the author?
A.A soldierB.A teacherC.An editorD.A physicist
小题2: Which of the following is NOT true of the National Southwest Associated University?
A.The mud floors of the classrooms were uneven.B.Its classroom windows had no glass.
C.The only thing its library had was a skeleton.
D.It was short of research materials.
小题3: What was the first thing Ferimi emphasized to the author?
A.Physics research should be related to daily lives.
B.Physics should not be considered as the most important course.
C. Theoretical problems need solving first.
D.The results of physics research could be used in the national defense.
小题4: What does the author think of Reader’s Digest?
A.It is far from perfect in style or accuracy.
B.It devotes its efforts to solving practical problems.
C.It gives much information.
D.Its language is simple, but beautifully written.