问题 单项选择题

在日常生活中,大多数人都会认为自己是遵纪守法、通情达理的好公民。然而,事实却常常与我们的想法相悖——我们斥责那些不愿意当众揭穿小偷的“冷漠”旁观者,却往往发现自己也是该被指责的一员。想象一下,如果昨天晚上你刚抨击了一群“麻木”的乘客,今天早上上班或上学的路上就目击了一个不幸的受害者被小偷偷走了钱包,而你却和大多数人一样装作什么都没发生。这个时候你会发现,你的行为和你对自己的看法大相径庭,并且产生自责或者羞愧的感觉——尤其是当你再次面对昨晚的慷慨陈词时。社会心理学家将这种因为做了一件和我们习惯的(而且通常是正面的)自我概念不符合的事情而产生的不舒服感称为认知失调。
对这段文字的主旨概括最为准确的是( )。

A.人们的想法和日常生活中的表现相悖
B.实际上大多数人都不是遵纪守法、通情达理的好公民
C.说明认知失调产生的原因是人们的行为和对自己的看法产生了矛盾
D.介绍什么是认知失调

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 本题是主旨概括题。文段末句是主旨句。A项说法过于绝对,文段中只是说“……常常与我们的想法相悖”,并没有说都是相悖的,且A项只是文段的引子,并不能作为文段的主旨。B项说法正确,但不能概括文段的主要内容,排除。文段是围绕着“认知失调”这一概念而展开的,而不是为了讲“认知失调”产生的原因,故D项正确而C项错误。

单项选择题
完形填空

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

[1]It’s difficult to find a piece of clothing as widely accepted, worn and loved as jeans in the world. The classic symbol of the American West is now a main item in closets around the world. But why?

[2]The reason for jeans’ success has as much as to do with their cultural meaning as their physical construction.

[3]Invented by Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis in 1873,jeans were first designed as work wear for laborers on the farms and mines of America’s Western states in the late 19th century. They proved extremely comfortable and durable(耐用的)and were soon in high demand.

[4]But the first explosion of jeans into world of casual-wear had more to do with what jeans had come to symbolize.

[5]When they did start to be worn as casual wear, jeans became a symbol of rebellion—the spirit captured by Marion Brando in his 1953 film The Wild One and by James two years later in Rebel Without a Cause.

[6]Many teenagers in 1953 wanted to be Marlon Brando, and Hollywood costume designers put all the bad boys in jeans. Jeans were soon banned in schools from coast to coast which only added to the passion with which teenagers loved them.

[7]But jeans’ popularity kept growing also because they put different classes on a level playing field. They were affordable and hard-wearing, looked good worn as well as new, and didn’t have to be washed often or ironed at all. They suited to the body in a way that matched even the most finely tailored clothes. This became especially important for women because then, and now, they paid more attention to fit. This versatility(多用途),the ability to become all things to all people ,is the secret to jeans’ survival as a closet item.

小题1:What is the possible title of this passage?(No more than 7 words)

                                                                        

小题2:By whom were jeans worn at first?(No more than 10 words)

                                                                       

小题3:What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to?(One word only)

                                                                        

小题4:What cultural meaning do jeans have?(No more than 6 words)

                                                                        

小题5:What quality of jeans makes them a timeless closet item?(One word only)