问题 填空题

(4分)随着经济的发展,能源与环境成为人们日益关注的问题。

(1)生活中若发生火灾时,常用的灭火材料有水、沙子、泡沫灭火器等。用沙子灭火的主要原理是         

(2)当空气受SO2严重污染时,可通过飞机喷洒X粉末,使空气中的SO2含量明显降低,该过程发生的反应是2X+2SO2+O2=2CaSO4+2CO2,X的化学式是      

(3)我国自主研发的一种电动汽车使用的能源是新型锂电池。该电池的总反应可以表示为:Li+MnO2=LiMnO2,该反应的基本类型属于     ;从化学角度看,与使用汽油的汽车相比其优点(举出一点即可)          

答案

(1)与空气(或氧气)隔绝(2)CaCO3(3)化合 减少了环境污染

分析:(1)根据燃烧的条件灭火;

(2)此题根据质量守恒定律,反应前后原子种类和个数都不变,分别统计出反应前后原子种类及个数,比较分析就可以求出所得物质的化学式;

(3)观察化学反应式判断反应的类型;从燃烧汽油生成污染物考虑.

解:(1)用沙子可以使火与空气气隔绝.

故答案为:与空气隔绝;

(2)根据质量守恒定律,反应前后原子种类和个数都不变,由方程式知生成物中含有的原子种类及原子个数为Ca,2;S,2;C,2;O,12;已知反应物中含有的原子种类及原子个数为S,2;O,6;比较分析可知X中含有Ca,C和O元素,其原子个数分别为1,1和3,故X的化学式为CaCO3

故答案为:CaCO3

(3)根据化学反应式Li+MnO2=LiMnO2可知,此反应是两种物质生成另一种物质的化合反应;电动汽车和汽油汽车相比,不使用化学染料,减少了环境污染.

故答案为:化合反应;环境污染;

点评:此题主要考查学生对质量守恒定律的实际运用,只有掌握了这一知识的内涵,才能正确解答.同时提高人们的环保意识.

单项选择题

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。

A Race Against Death

It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.

On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch   36   a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be  37  if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.   38  , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.

How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s  39  was already full of ice, so it couldn`t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn`t travel on the   40  roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn`t exist yet.

41  January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were   42  . Nome`s town officials came up with a(n)  43  . They would have the medicine sent by   44  from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would   45  it to Nome in a relay(接力).

The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.  46  he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold.

On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to   47  a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most  48  part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would  49  ,and so would the sick children of  Nome.But  Seppala made it across.

A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher  named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50  .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to  51  the trail again. The only hope was Balto,Kaasen’s lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, 5 2  to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If  Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to  53  .He had foung the trail

At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog  54  in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recoverd.

Nome had been  55  .

37()

A.harmless

B.helpless

C.fearless

D.careless

多项选择题