问题 问答题 简答题

以市场工资率进行按劳分配的步骤。

答案

参考答案:

(1)在具有统一性、开放性的劳动力市场上,形成各种不同职业以及同一职业内不同等级的劳动力价格,即市场工资率,亦称均衡工资率。

(2)根据市场工资率的劳动力价格信号,劳动者做出劳动供给决策,即做出劳动供给的质和量的选择。(3)按质定价:劳动者进入企业以后,企业通过工作评价或其他科学方法,把不同劳动者从事的不能相互衡量比较的各种不同的具体劳动还原为可以相互衡量比较的抽象劳动,评定出劳动者的劳动质量等级,并确定相应的工资等级和计算出评价工资率,即工资等级标准,共同市场工资率在比较平衡后确定下来。

(4)劳动计量:企业对劳动力的使用,即劳动,依据一定的劳动定额标准,采取按时间、按产品或按其他劳动成果的方法确定劳动者的劳动量。

(5)按量付酬:根据事先确定的劳动者工资率和劳动者提供的劳动量,计算工资报酬量,并由企业向

劳动者支付。

阅读理解

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填人最恰当的单词。

注意:每空格1个单词。

     American life before 1950 felt nothing like American life feels now, and a big reason is those three

changes that took place in the second half of the 20th century, which has had the most lasting impact

on our lives today.

     1. The building of the interstates (州际公路).

     2. The covering of the United States with coast-to-coast television.

     3. The introduction and spread of the Internet.

     Before the interstates were constructed, even a trip within an individual state often took considerable

planning; two-lane roads, dangerous and slow, were common. The interstates tore down the invisible

walls around U. S. towns. President Eisenhower was in favor of building the interstates, because he

believed that, in a time of war, they would be helpful in moving troops and supplies. But their immediate

effect was to make Americans feel that certain doors had been unlocked. With the interstates came a sense

of freedom: A person could drive anywhere- everywhere-easily. Suddenly, horizons were unlimited. "Local"

didn't mean quite the same thing it used to. Getting away was effortless.

     The introduction of national television meant that for the first time in history, people in every corner of

the country were watching exactly the same thing at exactly the same moment. It connected the country,

in a way that even network radio hadn't accomplished, and it was because of the quality of the TV pictures.

As with the interstates, coast-to-coast television was a cure to separation. Those who ran the newly formed

television networks had an enormous amount of power. Their decisions about what to put on the air determined

what people would be talking about the next day. They controlled what people would laugh at and when, what

people would cry over and when, what would anger people and when it would anger them.

     And then, later in the century, the Internet came along, erasing all symbolic borders. If the interstate

highways had allowed physical freedom, the Internet allowed a different kind of freedom, one unprecedented

(空前的) in human experience. It was no coincidence that it was initially referred to as the information

superhighway: Seemingly overnight, the knowledge of the world was available to anyone with a keyboard and

a modem; people who had never met and would never meet could communicate as if they were lifelong friends.

Now the individual at his or her computer terminal was given the power to decide how he or she would be

informed or entertained at a given moment. No one else had the absolute authority to arrange the individual's

life; he or she made that decision, moment by moment. What in the past might have taken a person a lifetime-

searching for mankind's recorded wisdom in distant and magnificent libraries- now, in theory, was available

with a series of key taps from one's room. What had once seemed unbelievable had, very quickly, become

routine.

     The three developments ended up changing our daily world greatly; largely because of them, it is a world

that would be almost unrecognizable to our grandparents and great-grandparents.

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