问题 问答题 简答题

颅顶部软组织各层有何特点?

答案

参考答案:

颅顶部软组织适应其保护功能,由浅入深分为五层,各有其特点。

①皮肤,厚而致密,含有大量毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺,是疖肿和皮脂腺囊肿的好发部位。具有丰富的血管,外伤时易出血,但创口愈合也较快。

②浅筋膜,由致密的结缔组织和脂肪构成,内有许多结缔组织小梁,使皮肤和深面的帽状健膜紧密连接,并将脂肪分隔成无数小格,内有丰富的神经血管,血管多被结缔组织固定,感染时渗出物不易扩散,可压迫神经末梢而引起剧痛。创伤时,血管断端不易自行收缩闭合,出血较多,常需压迫或缝合止血。

③帽状腱膜前连额肌,后接枕肌,两侧渐薄续于颞筋膜浅层。头皮裂伤横断此腱膜时,因额、枕肌收缩牵拉使创口裂开较大,缝合头皮时,应将此腱膜细致缝合,以减小皮肤张力利于愈合。

④腱膜下疏松结缔组织,范围广范,移动性大,并有若干导静脉与板障静脉及硬脑膜窦相通。临床上,头皮撕脱伤多发生于此层,开颅时可经此层游离头皮皮瓣;此层出血时,易广泛蔓延形成较大血肿;感染时,可经导静脉向颅内扩散。

⑤颅骨外膜,与颅骨表面连接疏松,易于剥离,但与颅缝愈着紧密,故骨膜下血肿常局限于某一块颅骨范围。

填空题
请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从方框中所给的词中选出最恰当的10个,用其适当形式填空,并将答案填写到答题卷的相应位置。每个词限用一次。(每小题1分)
color, until, paint, find, knowledge, page, century, culture, invent, one, early, publish
    It’s said that Wood-block printing(木版印刷) was invented sometime between the 4th and the 7th 小题1:
 in China. The earliest book  小题2: in 868 and was found in a Dunhuang
cave. Wood-block printing took a long time because a new block was needed for every 小题3:
in a book. By the 11th century printed books could be 小题4:all over China. They included books of Confucius' thoughts, dictionaries, and books on maths. In 1340, books could be printed using two   小题5: - black and red. Although the Chinese learnt about printing so小题6: , printing was not introduced in other parts of the world for hundreds of years. It is thought that when the great Italian traveler Marco Polo visited China in the 13th century, he saw printed books. It is possible that Marco Polo brought that   小题7:to Europe. But printed books did not come to Europe 小题8:1450 when a German called Johann Gutenberg   小题9:a printing machine. Twenty-four years later, in 1474, an Englishman called William Caxton printed the   小题10: printed book in English. His second book was about the game of chess. Caxton printed about a hundred books, and some can still be found today in museums.
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