问题 名词解释

新博物馆学

答案

参考答案:

博物馆学中的一个学派,以1984年《魁北克宣言》为诞生的标志。参与宣言的博物馆学者认为人类面临着生态环境破环和全球化社会道德下降的双重危机,必须对传统的博物馆学做出新的修改和解释。宣言指出:“当我们包存过去文明的遗存以及保护今日之渴望与科技的成就时,新博物馆学(包括生态博物馆学、社区博物馆学、以及其他形式活动的博物馆学),主要关注于社区发展,反映社会进步的旺盛力量,并且将其与未来计划相联接。”“对我们来说,博物馆是,或应该是社会拥有的准备和完成社会改革的最佳工具”。相对于传统博物馆学的观念而言,新博物馆学的重心在于关怀社群和社区的需求,而不是传统博物馆所一向奉为准则的藏品的整理、保护、研究和陈列等。新博物馆学反对忽略社会关系、执意坚持精英观念的博物馆,提倡大众化博物馆。新博物馆学提倡对文化遗产的整体性保护,即不光是遗产本身,与遗产有关的自然和文化环境也要一起保存。

选择题
阅读理解

Teddy Bears have been a very popular children’s toy for many years. Most adults can remember their first stuffed(填充玩具)bear, and over the decades these toys have become nearly a symbol of their childhood. However, children are not the only ones with whom these toys have become popular, as many adults make it a habit to collect these toys as well.

The Teddy Bear first became popular during the early 20th century and was associated with then President Theodore Roosevelt. The story can date back to a hunting trip that President Roosevelt had taken where he was invited to be the one to shoot a black bear that had been tied to a tree. Being a crazy outdoors lover and hunter, Roosevelt refused to kill the animal because he believed that shooting the helpless bear was unsportsmanlike and wrong. This story quickly spread through newspapers across the country, and in the end inspired the introduction of a stuffed toy called “Teddy’s bear”.

These toys became popular soon after first introduced, and within ten years, they were being produced by dozens of companies around the world. Within a generation, these stuffed bears were “the” toy to have, and have always been within children’s toy boxes ever since.

They are most often mass-produced in factories in order to keep up with the high demand.  However, there are still companies that take great pride in their handmade designs; and while handmade teddy bears are often preferred, they are also generally more expensive than their mass-produced ones.

Today, these bears and other similar toys generate well over a billion dollars a year in profits for the companies that make them. Walk through just about any toy store in America and you will find dozens of different teddy bears lining the shelves.

小题1:According to the passage, we can know President Roosevelt ______.

A.didn’t like hunting

B.enjoy being special

C.was not brave enough

D.was fair and respectable小题2:Compared with mass-produced teddy bears, the handmade ones ______.

A.don’t sell well

B.are of high quality

C.are more expensive

D.are preferred by adults小题3:From the last paragraph, the writer intends to show ______.

A.teddy bears are very popular

B.toys are loved by many companies

C.producing toys can earn more money

D.teddy bears are also enjoyed by adults小题4:What is the passage mainly about?

A.History of the Teddy Bear.

B.A popular toy — Teddy Bear.

C.Who made the first toy bear?

D.Profits Teddy Bear have made.