问题 问答题 简答题

如何处理黄土或平原地区渠道边坡、渠底中产生的裂隙?

答案

参考答案:

不稳定边坡的防治措施有防渗排水、削坡减重反压、修建支挡水建筑物、锚固措施等,这些措施也适用于不稳定渠道边坡的处理上。此外,对可能发生滑塌的渠段,可因地制宜采取措施:

(1)渠道选线要避开地质条件较差的地带,对地质条件不好的渠段,应该用隧道、暗渠等输水方式。

(2)对边坡很陡的渠段取得削坡处理。

(3)对深挖方渠段结合削坡结增设平台和节流排水设施。

(4)对抗剪强度较小的土质渠段,用打桩编柳、草袋护坡、植树或砌石砌等措施施加固渠坡,必要时还可采取换土的办法加固渠坡。

(5)在沉陷性较大的土壤上筑渠时,不要把渠道断面挖至计划深度,在渠堤上预留超高,以便沉陷后渠道断面达到设计高程。渠道正式投入使用之前,要进行泡水试渠,逐渐使渠道浸水沉陷。

(6)合理调配水量,是渠道流量缓慢增减。

(7)在低温区,冬季使渠道冲水,形成冰盖,防止渠坡结冻。

(8)加强渠道巡护,一旦发现滑坡的征兆,及时采取适当的防治措施。

(9)对已经坍塌的渠坡,清楚下滑土坡,再把渠坡挖成阶梯形,还土夯实。

阅读理解

One of my favourite things to do is hiking in mountains. Because nobody likes the idea of getting lost, I always prepare before every trip. But what’s the best navigation tool, a Global Positioning System (GPS) or a good old map and compass? Five of my friends and I hiked through the mountains on a trail I marked. One team of three carried a GPS, and the other team used a map and compass.

It took the GPS team 3 hours and 11 minutes to get through the whole hike, however, it took the map and compass team only 2 hours and 49 minutes. The biggest problem the GPS team met was that they lost the satellite signal (卫星信号) in some places. With no map or compass, they had to walk around until they were in a place where the signal was good. The map and compass team was able to spot (认出) different landmarks, compare them to their maps and then use the compass to point them in the right direction.

When I head out on my future hikes, I’m bringing a map, a compass and a GPS to show me the way.

小题1:The writer prepares before every trip because he doesn’t _________.

A.like the old map or compass

B.know how to use the GPS

C.want to get lost in mountains

D.want to get into the mountains alone小题2:The two teams _________.

A.had the same navigation tool

B.went along the same trail

C.had the same problem

D.finished the whole hike at the same time小题3:In the end, the writer found out _________.

A.the map and the compass were too old navigation tools to use any more

B.it wasn’t necessary to bring a map and a compass together with a GPS

C.the GPS had some bad points in hiking in mountains

D.he wouldn’t use a GPS any more

单项选择题