问题 综合题

在人类发展历程中,以古代中国和古代希腊为代表的东西方文明曾经彼此交融,相映生辉,阅读下列材料回答问题:

材料一 秦朝和古代雅典政治制度结构示意图:

材料二 随着社会矛盾的日益复杂,古代东方的君主制相继演化为君主专制。……君主专制在信息困难的农耕时代有效地保障了地域国家的社会秩序,促进了广大地域上的不同民族、文化的融合与交流,因此具有历史的合理性与必然性。                     

——杨宁《历史学岛新视野新知识》

材料三 我们都是希腊人,我们的法律,宗教,艺术,全部可以在那里找到它们的根。——雪莱 《希腊颂》

(1)据材料一并结合所学,指出古代东西方各自建立了怎样的政治制度。(4分)试从自然地理环境和生产活动方式的角度分析其成因。(6分)

(2)据材料二,说明东方君主专制制度建立的“合理性”。(4分)

(3)结合材料三,谈谈希腊民主政治对后世的影响。(4分)

答案

(1)东方:专制主义中央集权制度。(2分)   西方:民主制度。(2分)

东方:①中国古代政治重心处于内陆大河流域,平原广阔,土壤肥沃;

②自给自足的农耕经济较发达。(3分)

西方:①古希腊海洋资源丰富,多山少平原,土地少而贫。

②工商业发达。(3分)

(2)①君主专制制度有利于稳定社会秩序、维护国家统一;

②促进民族融合和交流。(4分)

(3)①雅典民主政治的理论与实践,为近代西方政治制度奠定了最初的基础;

②使雅典在精神文化领域取得辉煌成就,影响后世。(4分,其他表述,言之成理,可酌情给分)

选择题
完形填空
完形填空
     In the doorway of my home,  I looked closely at my 23yearold son,  Daniel.In a few hours he would
be flying to France to __1__ a different life.It was a transitional (过渡的) time in Daniel's life.I wanted
to __2__ him some words of significance.But nothing came from my lips,  and this was not the __3__
time I had let such moments pass.
     When Daniel was five,  I took him to the bus stop on his first day of kindergarten.He asked,  "What
is it going to be like,  Dad?Can I do it?" Then he walked __4__ the steps of the bus and disappeared
inside.The bus drove away and I said nothing.A decade later,  a similar __5__ played itself out.
     I drove him to college.As I started to leave,  I tried to think of something to say to give him __6__
and confidence as he started this new stage of life.Again,  words __7__ me.
     Now,  as I stood before him,  I thought of those __8__ opportunities.How many times have I let
such moments __9__?I don't find a quiet moment to tell him what he has __10__ to me.Or what he
might __11__ to face in the years ahead.Maybe I thought it was not necessary to say anything.
     What does it matter in the course of a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of
him?__12__ as I stood before Daniel,  I knew that it did matter.My father and I loved each other.Yet
I always __13__ never hearing him put his __14__ into words.Now I could feel my palms sweat and
my throat tighten.Why is it so __15__ to tell a son something from the heart?
      My mouth turned dry,  and I knew I would be able to get out only a few words clearly."Daniel,  "I
said,  "if I could have picked,  I would have picked you." That's all I could say.He hugged me.For a
moment,  the world __16__,  and there were just Daniel and me.He was saying something,  but tears
misted my eyes,  and I couldn't understand what he was saying.All I was __17__ of was the stubble 
 (短须) on his chin as his face pressed __18__ mine.What I had said to Daniel was __19__.It was
nothing.And yet,  it was __20__.
( )1. A.experience      
( )2. A.show          
( )3. A.last          
( )4. A.upward         
( )5. A.sign           
( )6. A.interest      
( )7. A.failed        
( )8. A.future        
( )9. A.last    
( )10. A.counted     
( )11. A.think      
( )12. A.But         
( )13. A.wondered    
( )14. A.views       
( )15. A.important    
( )16. A.disappeared  
( )17. A.sensitive    
( )18. A.by            
( )19. A.clumsy        
( )20. A.none          
B. spend          
B. give          
B. first          
B. into          
B. scene          
B. instruction    
B. discouraged    
B. embarrassing  
B. pass          
B. meant          
B. want          
B. And            
B. regretted      
B. actions        
B. essential      
B. changed        
B. convinced      
B. against        
B. gentle        
B. all            
C. enjoy        
C. make        
C. very        
C. down        
C. scenery      
C. courage      
C. struck      
C. obvious      
C. fly          
C. valued      
C. expect      
C. Instead      
C. minded      
C. feelings    
C. hard        
C. progressed  
C. aware        
C. on          
C. absurd      
C. anything    
D. shape          
D. instruct        
D. next            
D. up              
D. sight          
D. direction      
D. troubled        
D. lost            
D. remain          
D. cared          
D. wish            
D. So              
D. tried          
D. attitudes      
D. complex        
D. advanced        
D. tired          
D. with            
D. moving          
D. everything