问题 选择题

约公元前1600年,率兵灭夏建商的是[ ]

A.禹

B.启

C.桀

D.汤

答案

答案:D

综合题

(28分)观念或视角是认识问题的方法、思维,也是一种社会意识形态。不同的历史观或历史研究视角有助于观察、认识问题。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:不同时期欧洲人的世界地图

图1 公元前5世纪希罗多德所见的世界   图2  16世纪中期欧洲人绘制的世界地图

(1)指出两幅地图反映的“世界”有何不同。(4分)这种变化反映了欧洲思想认识方面取得了怎样的进步。(4分)

材料二:18世纪中期,德国哥丁根学派最早提出西欧中心理论。这种历史观大肆宣扬西欧白色人种的优越,认为西欧的历史是整个人类普遍的历史,始终是人类历史矛盾运动的中心……欧美以外诸地区、国家和民族的历史没有独立存在的价值。

——摘编自《全球化和全球史》

材料三:英国史学家巴勒克拉夫在1955年最先明确提出“全球史观”问题。他认为……世界历史研究的重要任务之一是建立全球的历史观——即超越民族和地区的界限理解整个世界的历史观,这样才能抛弃西欧中心论的偏见,公正地评价各个时代和世界各地区一切民族的建树。

——摘编自《当代史学主要趋势》

(2)据材料二,概述“西欧中心论”的内容。(4分)材料三中“全球史观”怎样突破了“西欧中心论”的偏见?(4分)结合时代背景分析西欧中心论产生的原因。(4分)

材料四:胡绳是治中国近代史的大家,1954年2月他发表影响深远的《中国近代历史的分期问题》一文,提出了“三次革命高潮”概念,1997年,他出版了《从鸦片战争到五四运动》一书,成为“三次革命高潮”体系的典范之作。

(3)从胡绳归纳的“第二次革命高潮”的特点判断“第二次革命高潮”由哪两个事件构成?(2分)作者研究历史事件的视角是什么?(2分)依据这一视角对这两个事件的历史影响作简要评价。(4分)

阅读理解

It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, career, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit (追寻) of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him.

Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral(葬礼) is Wednesday.”  Memories flashed(闪现)through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days.

“Jack, did you hear me?”

“Oh, sorry, Mom. Yes, I heard you. it’s been so long since I thought of him. I’m sorry, but I honestly thought he died years ago,” Jack said.

“Well, he didn’t forget you. Every time I saw him he’d ask how you were doing. He’d reminisce (回忆) about the many days you spent over ‘his side of the fence’ as he put it, ” Mom told him.

“I loved that old house he lived in,” Jack said.

“You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr. Belser stepped in to make sure you had a man’s influence (影响) in your life,” she said.

“He’s the one who taught me carpentry. I wouldn’t be in this business if it weren’t for him. He spent a lot of time teaching me things that he thought were important. Mom, I’ll be there for the funeral.” Jack said.

Busy as he was, he kept his word. Jack caught the next flight to his hometown. Mr. Belser’s funeral was small and uneventful. He had no children of his own, and most of his relatives had passed away.

The night before he had to return home, Jack and his Mom stopped by to see the old house next door one more time, which was exactly as he remembered. Every step held memories. Every picture, every piece of furniture … Jack stopped suddenly.

“What’s wrong, Jack?” his Mom asked.

“The box is gone,” he said.

“What box?” Mom asked.

“There was a small gold box that he kept locked on top of his desk. I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All he’d ever tell me was ‘the thing I value most’,” Jack said.

It was gone. Everything about the house was exactly how Jack remembered it, except for the box. He figured someone from the Belser family had taken it.

“Now I’ll never know what was so valuable to him,” Jack said sadly.

Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk. The return address caught his attention.

“Mr. Harold Belser” it read.

Jack tore (撕)open the package. There inside was the gold box and an envelope(信封). Jack’s hands shook as he read the note inside,

“Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bernett. It’s the thing I valued most in my life.” A small key was taped to the letter. His heart racing, and tears filling his eyes, Jack carefully unlocked the box. There inside he found a beautiful gold pocket watch. Running his fingers slowly over the fine cover, he opened it.

Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser.”

“Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …”

Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked.

“I need some time to spend with my son,” he said.

小题1:Why did Belser send Jack his gold watch?

A.Because he had no children or relatives.

B.Because he was grateful for Jack’s time with him.

C.Because he thought he had to keep his word.

D.Because Jack had always wanted it during his childhood.小题2:Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?

A.He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest.

B.He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son.

C.He had missed his son and his family for days.

D.He came to realize the importance of the time with his family.小题3:Why did Jack think Mr. Belser died years ago?

A.College and career prevented him from remembering Mr. Belser.

B.Jack was too busy with his business and family to think about Mr. Belser.

C.Jack was too busy realizing his dreams to think about Mr. Belser.

D.His present busy life washed away his children memories.小题4:Jack’s mother told him on the phone about Mr. Belser EXCEPT that _________.

A.Mr. Belser often asked how Jack was doing

B.Mr. Belser’s funeral would take place on Wednesday

C.Mr. Belser had asked for Jack’s mailing address

D.Mr. Belser had pleasant memories of their time together小题5:Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

A.The Good Old Times

B.The Lost Childhood Days

C.An Old Gold Watch

D.What He Valued Most