问题 多项选择题

低钾血症常见于下列哪些情况()

A.长期进食不足

B.持续胃肠减压

C.碱中毒

D.急性肾衰竭

E.大量输入葡萄糖和胰岛素

答案

参考答案:A, B, C, E

解析:低钾血症常见于:①钾盐摄入不足:长期低钾饮食,禁食或厌食等;②钾丢失过多:常见于严重呕吐、腹泻或胃肠减压,大量应用排钾利尿剂及肾上腺皮质激素等;肾上腺皮质功能亢进症或醛固酮增多症;某些慢性消耗性疾病(如恶性肿瘤),由于细胞分解过多,大量钾从尿液中排出;代谢性碱中毒时肾脏钾增多等;③钾在体内分布异常:常见于心功能不全、肾性水肿或大量输入无钾盐的液体,使细胞外液稀释,血清钾降低;大量应用胰岛素时,细胞外钾大量转移至细胞内,使血清钾降低。

阅读理解

阅读理解

      My wife passed away a few years ago, and I went through the worst time in my life.I even wanted

to kill myself.Just for my kids, I had to continue to live and work as a smalltown doctor at my medical

clinic in Hawaii.My kids had gone to live on the mainland, and I was alone.Then they asked me to have

a family trip.

     On our trip, we turned on the TV at the motel and saw the second plane crash into the World Trade

Center. Seeing it falling down, I said to my kids:"I'm going to Afghanistan."And a few weeks later,

International Medical Corps sent me to set up 20 clinics in provinces where people had no health care.

In these field clinics surrounded by frightening shoots or deadly bombs, we were eventually serving

27,000 patients a month in a very busy schedule.Tired and nervous, I gradually had a sense of

achievement, a sense of purpose, and my depression went away.

     In the years to follow, I went to Indonesia after the tsunami(海啸), Pakistan after the earthquakes,

Sudan after the civil war, and Iraq after more and more bombs.Each time after disasters one after

another, hundreds of people were killed, wounded and many more had to flee.We once set up movable

clinics in an area with 19,000 refugees,_and it was supposed to hold 13,000 originally.Flu broke out,

one of the biggest killers of kids in refugee camps, and it spread like wildfire.Water and food were also

serious problems."Adventures or not?" I often asked myself.

     When my wife passed away, I thought my life was done.But in reality, it was just getting started.

At the end of her life, she went unconscious.I held her head in my hands and told her of all the places

we would visit and the exciting adventures we would have.

     I think about the moment many times during my "adventures". I didn't know how predictive those

words would be.But I know that she is still with me.

1. Where has the doctor been in the past few years?

A. Some countries where he could set up clinics.

B. Some African countries where flu broke out.

C. The places where the earthquakes happened.

D. The places where the horrible disasters struck.

2. How would the doctor describe his life after he had worked in Afghanistan?

A. Tired and troublesome.

B. Busy and risky.

C. Meaningful and helpful.

D. Frightening and depressing.

3. The underlined word "refugees" means people________.

A. who are robbed, killed, or wounded

B. who suffer from flu in movable clinics

C. who like to take adventures

D. who have lost homes because of disasters

4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The doctor's wife encouraged him to work in foreign countries.

B. What the doctor said to his wife before her death became reality.

C. The doctor's adventures made him understand the love of his wife.

D. With the true love of his wife, the doctor started to change his life.

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