问题 多项选择题

低钾血症常见于下列哪些情况()

A.长期进食不足

B.持续胃肠减压

C.碱中毒

D.急性肾衰竭

E.大量输入葡萄糖和胰岛素

答案

参考答案:A, B, C, E

解析:低钾血症常见于:①钾盐摄入不足:长期低钾饮食,禁食或厌食等;②钾丢失过多:常见于严重呕吐、腹泻或胃肠减压,大量应用排钾利尿剂及肾上腺皮质激素等;肾上腺皮质功能亢进症或醛固酮增多症;某些慢性消耗性疾病(如恶性肿瘤),由于细胞分解过多,大量钾从尿液中排出;代谢性碱中毒时肾脏钾增多等;③钾在体内分布异常:常见于心功能不全、肾性水肿或大量输入无钾盐的液体,使细胞外液稀释,血清钾降低;大量应用胰岛素时,细胞外钾大量转移至细胞内,使血清钾降低。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent. I tried to do my best

to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he pulled away. When his report card arrived during his junior

year, it said that he had been absent 95 times from classes and had six falling grades for the year. At this

rate he would never graduate. I sent him to the school adviser, and I even begged him. Nothing worked.

     One night I felt so powerless that I got down on my knees and pleaded for help. "Please God, I can't do

anything more for my son. I'm at the end of my rope. I'm giving the whole thing up to you."

     I was at work when I got a phone call. A man introduced himself as the headmaster. "I want to talk to

you about Karl's absences." Before he could say another word, I choked up and all my disappointment and

sadness over Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger. "I love my son but I just don't know what

to do. I've tried everything to get Karl to go back to school and nothing has worked. It's out of my hands."

For a moment there was silence on the other end of the line. The headmaster seriously said, "Thank you for

your time", and hung up.

      Karl's next report card showed a marked improvement in his grades. Finally,  he even made the honor

roll. In his fourth year, I attended a parent-teacher meeting with Karl. I noticed that his teachers were

astonished at the way he had turned himself around. On our way home, he said, "Mum, remember that call

from the headmaster last year?" I nodded. "That was me. I thought I'd play a joke but when I heard what you

said, it really hit me how much I was hurting you. That's when I knew I had to make you proud."

1. By saying "Karl became withdrawn", the author means that the boy changed entirely and _____.

A. preferred to stay alone at home

B. lost interest in his studies

C. refused to talk to others

D. began to dislike his mother

2. There was silence on the other end of the line because _____.

A. the speaker was too moved to say anything to the mother

B. the speaker waited for the mother to finish speaking

C. the speaker didn't want the mother to recognize his voice

D. the speaker was unable to interrupt the mother

3. The sentence"…he even made the honor roll" means that"_____ ".

A. he was even on the list to be praised at the parent-teacher meeting

B. he was even on the list of students who made progress in grades

C. he was even on the list of students who had turned themselves around

D. he was even on the list of the best students at school

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Children in single-parent families often have mental problems.

B. Mother's love plays an important role in teenagers' life.

C. Being understood by parents is very important to teenagers.

D. School education doesn't work without full support from parents.

单项选择题