问题 单项选择题

下列哪种不是防止药物氧化的方法()

A.避免光线

B.通入惰性气体

C.制成干燥固体制剂

D.控制微量金属离子

E.调节适宜的pH值

答案

参考答案:C

解析:容易氧化的药物包括:具有酚羟基的有效成分,易被氧化,如吗啡、毒扁豆碱、黄芩苷等;含有不饱和碳链的油脂、挥发油等,在光线、氧气、水分、金属离子以及微生物等影响下,都能产生氧化反应。防止药物氧化的方法有:①降低温度,降低温度可使药物氧化降解的速度减慢。②避免光线,氧化反应可由光照引发。避光操作、避光保存均适于对光敏感的药物。③驱逐氧气,在液体容器中通入惰性气体(如二氧化碳或氮气),可置换容器空间中的氧气。对于固体制剂,可采用真空包装。④添加抗氧剂,抗氧剂分为水溶性和油溶性两类。常用的抗氧剂有焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠和硫代硫酸钠。⑤控制微量金属离子,微量金属离子对药物自氧化反应有催化作用。应避免与金属器械的接触,或采取加入依地酸盐等螯合剂(如依地酸二钠)等方法,控制微量金属离子的影响。此外,调节适宜的pH值,也是延缓药物氧化的有效方法之一。

填空题
单项选择题

When I was young, my parents ran a snack bar in our small town.One evening in early April, my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar (1) a worker who had the flu. I told her I would mess it up, (2) I had never worked at the bar before. I (3) that instead of making money, I would end up owing it."You can do it," said my mother," (4) , you won’t get much business until lunch. ""But I’ll never remember the orders, and I’m no good (5) money. Please, Mom, don’t (6) me."Then I’ll help you", she said.I shrugged my shoulders. I thought my mother’s (7) was a bad one, but I (8) .When I got to the bar the next day, I found my mother was (9) . Because the weather that day was rainy and cold, people wanted hot snacks and drinks. (10) , I was really slow at taking the orders and making change. The line of people grew, and everybody seemed (11) , I was so nervous that my hands shook, and I (12) a cup into pieces. What a mess! Then my mother came to (13) me, and she also showed me how to make (14) . If someone gave me $ 5 for something that cost $ 3.25, I handed over (15) quarters and a dollar and said, "75 cents makes four dollars, plus one dollar makes five. " Things went more (16) after that.By the end of the day, I could remember orders, (17) the bill, and make change quickly with a smile. I was even a little (18) when the sun came out and dried up business. My mother said she was proud of me, and when she (19) that I work at the snack bar again next year, I did not even shrug. I was too busy (20) the restaurant I would open one day.

 

第(9)空应选择()

A.angry

B.sad

C.wrong

D.ashamed