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问题 填空题

将煤转化为水煤气的主要化学反应为C(s)＋H2O(g)===CO(g)＋H2(g); C(s)、CO(g)和H2(g)完全燃烧的热化学方程式为：

C(s)＋O2(g)===CO2(g)　ΔH＝－393.5 kJ/mol

H2(g)＋1/2O2(g)===H2O(g)　ΔH＝－242.0 kJ/mol

CO(g)＋1/2O2(g)===CO2(g)　ΔH＝－283.0 kJ/mol

请回答下列问题：

(1)根据以上数据，写出C(s)与水蒸气反应的热化学方程式：____________________.

(2)比较反应热数据可知，1 mol CO(g)和1 mol H2(g)完全燃烧放出的热量之和比 1mol C(s)完全燃烧放出的热量多．甲同学据此认为“煤转化为水煤气可以使煤燃烧放出更多的热量”；乙同学根据盖斯定律作出如下列循环图：   

并据此认为“煤转化为水煤气再燃烧放出的热量与煤直接燃烧放出的热量相等”．请分析：甲、乙两同学观点正确的是________(填“甲”或“乙”)，判断的依据是 ________．

(3)将煤转化为水煤气作为燃料和煤直接燃烧相比有很多优点，请列举其中的两个优点： ____________________、____________________.

(4)水煤气不仅是优良的气体燃料，也是重要的有机化工原料．CO和H2在一定条件下可以合成： ①甲醇(CH4O)　②甲醛(CH2O)　③甲酸(CH2O2)　④乙酸(C2H4O2)．试分析当CO和H2按1：1的体积比混合反应，合成上述________(填序号)物质时，可以满足“绿色化学”的要求，完全利用原料中的原子，实现零排放．

答案

(1)C(s)＋H2O(g)===CO(g)＋H2(g) ΔH＝＋131.5 kJ/mol

(2)乙　；甲同学忽略了煤转化为水煤气要吸收热量(或ΔH1＝ΔH2＋ΔH3，且ΔH2>0)

(3)减少污染　；燃烧充分　；方便　；直接燃烧水煤气热量大(答案合理即可)

(4)②③

阅读理解

How do you enter a room full of strangers? Do you walk right in full of confidence? Or do you try to slip in without being noticed? ___小题1:___
In life, we admire those who do their tasks confidently. We prefer people who appear to know what they are doing. But where does that confidence begin?
Developing self-confidence starts very early. It’s parents’ role to get kids on the right track toward becoming confident people. ___小题2:___ That can be done by focusing on the child’s strengths. Parents should encourage their children to try new things and take risks. When children make mistakes, their parents should still let them know that they are loved. Children whose parents do these things will likely develop into confident adults. ___小题3:___ So what’s the solution?
◎  With most things in life, practice makes perfect, and that is true of confidence skills. ___小题4:___
◎  Always hold your head high and look people in the eye. Answer questions clearly and confidently.
◎  Focus on the things that you do well, and look for opportunities to use those abilities.
◎  Prepare thoroughly for every project. You’ll approach the task more confidently knowing that you are ready.
◎  ___小题5:___ It could be a good test score or a prize from a contest. Remind yourself that one success often leads to the next.
However, all humans fail at times, and you will too. Even with efforts to try all the above, you will never be perfect. But you can learn to love and accept yourself and live your life with confidence.
A. Keep in mind an item that reminds you of a recent success.
B. The more you practice them, the easier they will become.
C. The way you go into new situations show your level of self-confidence.
D. Our goal is to prepare students to go into the world with confidence.
E. To help that process, parents should always offer more praise than criticism.
F. Learning from mistakes helps you face the same situation later without fear.
G. But self-confidence still doesn’t come easily.
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材料分析题

阅读材料，回答下列问题。    

材料：在改革开放进程中，中 * * 党取得的加快实现现代化、巩固和发展社会主义的宝贵经验之一，就是把提高效率同促进社会公平结合起来。党的十七大报告提出“初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系，再分配更加注重公平”。从认识与实践关系的角度，说明党的十七大提出“初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系，再分配更加注重公平”的哲学依据。

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