(6分)发射卫星用N2H4为燃料,NO2为氧化剂,两者反应生成N2和水蒸气, 已知
N2(g)+2O2(g)=2NO2(g) ⊿ H1 = + 67.7kJ/mol;
N2H4(g)+O2(g)= N2(g)+2H2O(g) ⊿ H2 = - 534kJ/mol;
2H2(g)+ O2(g)= 2H2O(g) ⊿ H3 = - 484kJ/mol;
H2(g)+F2(g)=2HF(g) ⊿ H4 = - 538kJ/mol
写出N2H4与 NO2反应的热化学方程式________________________________________,
写出N2H4与F2反应的热化学方程式__________________________________________。
(1)2N2H4(g)+2NO2(g)=3N2(g)+4H2O(g) ΔH=–1135.7 kJ·mol-1,
(2)N2H4(g)+2F2(g)=N2(g)+4HF(g) ΔH=–1126kJ·mol-1。
题目分析:若:(1) N2(g)+2O2(g)=2NO2(g) ⊿ H1 = + 67.7kJ/mol;
(2) N2H4(g)+O2(g)= N2(g)+2H2O(g) ⊿ H2 = - 534kJ/mol;
(3) 2H2(g)+ O2(g)= 2H2O(g) ⊿ H3 = - 484kJ/mol;
(4) H2(g)+F2(g)=2HF(g) ⊿ H4 = - 538kJ/mol
把(2)´2-(1),运用盖斯定律可得:
2N2H4(g)+2NO2(g)=3N2(g)+4H2O(g) ΔH=- 534kJ/mol´2-67.7kJ/mol= –1135.7kJ·mol-1
把(2)-(3)-(4)´2,运用盖斯定律可得:
N2H4(g)+2F2(g)=N2(g)+4HF(g)
ΔH=- 534kJ/mol-(- 484kJ/mol)-(- 538kJ/mol)´2= –1126kJ·mol-1
点评:本题考查用盖斯定律进行有关反应热的计算。要求学生对盖斯定律掌握较好。