问题 填空题

(6分)发射卫星用N2H4为燃料,NO2为氧化剂,两者反应生成N2和水蒸气, 已知

N2(g)+2O2(g)=2NO2(g)          ⊿ H1 = + 67.7kJ/mol;

N2H4(g)+O2(g)= N2(g)+2H2O(g)  ⊿ H2 = - 534kJ/mol;

2H2(g)+ O2(g)= 2H2O(g)        ⊿ H3 = - 484kJ/mol;    

H2(g)+F2(g)=2HF(g)            ⊿ H4 = - 538kJ/mol

写出N2H4与 NO2反应的热化学方程式________________________________________,

写出N2H4与F2反应的热化学方程式__________________________________________。

答案

(1)2N2H4(g)+2NO2(g)=3N2(g)+4H2O(g)  ΔH=–1135.7 kJ·mol-1

(2)N2H4(g)+2F2(g)=N2(g)+4HF(g)  ΔH=–1126kJ·mol-1

题目分析:若:(1) N2(g)+2O2(g)=2NO2(g)          ⊿ H1 = + 67.7kJ/mol;

(2)  N2H4(g)+O2(g)= N2(g)+2H2O(g)  ⊿ H2 = - 534kJ/mol;

(3) 2H2(g)+ O2(g)= 2H2O(g)        ⊿ H3 = - 484kJ/mol;    

(4)  H2(g)+F2(g)=2HF(g)            ⊿ H4 = - 538kJ/mol

把(2)´2-(1),运用盖斯定律可得:

2N2H4(g)+2NO2(g)=3N2(g)+4H2O(g)  ΔH=- 534kJ/mol´2-67.7kJ/mol= –1135.7kJ·mol-1

把(2)-(3)-(4)´2,运用盖斯定律可得:

N2H4(g)+2F2(g)=N2(g)+4HF(g)  

ΔH=- 534kJ/mol-(- 484kJ/mol)-(- 538kJ/mol)´2= –1126kJ·mol-1

点评:本题考查用盖斯定律进行有关反应热的计算。要求学生对盖斯定律掌握较好。

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