问题 选择题

25 ℃,101 k Pa时,强酸与强碱的稀溶液发生中和反应的中和热为-57.3 kJ/mol,辛烷的燃烧热为-5518 kJ/mol。下列热化学方程式书写正确的是(   )

A.2H+(aq) +(aq)+(aq)+2(aq) = BaSO4(s)+2HO(l);H =57.3 kJ/mol

B.KOH(aq)+HSO4(aq) = KSO4(aq)+HO(l);H=57.3kJ/mol

C.C8H18(l)+ O(g)=8CO(g)+ 9HO(g);H=5518 kJ/mol

D.2C8H18(g)+25O(g)=16CO(g)+18HO(1);H=5518 kJ/mol

答案

答案:B

题目分析:中和热是强酸与强碱的稀溶液发生中和反应生成1mol水时放出的热量;燃烧热是1mol可燃物完全反应生成稳定氧化物时放出的热量。

A.反应热化学方程式中生成的是2mol水,反应的中和热不是57.3kJ/mol,故A错误;

B.符合中和热的概念,故B正确;

C.反应热化学方程式中生成的水是气体,不是稳定氧化物,故C错误;

D.热化学方程式中不是1mol物质燃烧,故D错误。

点评:本题考查了中和热、燃烧热的概念应用,本题的解题关键是

要注意概念的内涵理解。

阅读理解

My father never wanted his children to know what he did for a living. Dad worked in Plant C. Lying beside Lake Erie, it saw him in at sunrise and out at nightfall. Sometimes my mother would take my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and me to the public beach in our hometown of Ashtabula. She’d gather us round and point to the smokestacks, coughing clouds into the sky.

“Wave to daddy!” she’d shout. Four little hands would shoot into the air. I never knew what Dad did in Plant C, but during 34 years of hard work, he had surgery (手术) on his shoulder and hand. At 48, he had his first heart attack. He retired in 1993, right after the last kid graduated from college. But the damage was done. A few years later, the next heart attack killed him.

I saw my dad in plant C only once, when I took dinner to him. That night, I looked at my father, covered in sweat and coal, and for the first time I knew why he was so often angry for no reason.

Recently my father’s friend, Toby Workman, walked me there. I knew my father never wanted me to see it. At every station, he described the job and the danger. It was like listening to a foreign language. I walked past many DANGER signs. Toby put his hand on my shoulder. “Look”, he said, “you need to understand something. Your dad was a maintenance mechanic. He worked the most dangerous job. If something broke, he fixed it. ”

A few days later, my daughter graduated from college. I gave her the hard hat Toby handed to me as I left, and this note: “Whenever you feel something difficult, put this on, look in the mirror, and remember your roots.”

小题1:What is the purpose of the passage?

A.In memory of the author’s mother

B.to know about what the father did.

C.In memory of the author’s father.

D.to remind the family to live well.小题2:Which of the following is TRUE of the facts about the author’s father?

A.He didn’t suffer a heart attack until he retired.

B.He always faced danger while working.

C.He was satisfied with his job.

D.He worked in Plant C for 48 years in all.小题3:When the author saw her father in Plant C,       ___.

A.her father was fixing a broken machine.

B.she didn’t recognize her father.

C.she understood him about his bad temper.

D.her father was angry about her coming.小题4:When Toby Workman described the author’s father’s job, the author   ____  .

A.felt familiar with the job

B.decided to do the same work.

C.wanted to learn a foreign language

D.felt much puzzled小题5:The author gave her daughter the hat to hope that her daughter could    _______ .

A.get encouraged by her grandfather

B.overcome all difficulties by wearing it

C.remember her grandfather

D.follow her grandfather’s work

单项选择题