问题 单项选择题

以下音频编码方法和标准中,()属于混合编码方法,它从人的听觉系统出发,利用掩蔽效应,设计心理声学模型,从而实现更高效率的数字音频的压缩。

A.APCM编码

B.MPEG音频编码

C.DPCM编码

D.LPC编码

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

本题考查数字音频编码的基础知识。

人耳的掩蔽效应(MaskingEffect),是指当存在一个较强声音时,弱的声音将不被人耳所察觉。人耳听不见的被掩蔽声音的最大声压级称为“掩蔽门限”。掩蔽门限取决于掩蔽和被掩蔽信号的频率、声压强及音调或噪音特性。

掩蔽效应分为“频域掩蔽”和“时域掩蔽”。频域掩蔽是指两个音频信号同时出现,若两者频率相近,较强的信号将使较弱的信号不易被听见。目前高质量的音频编码技术均运用了频率掩蔽模型。时域掩蔽可分为前掩蔽和后掩蔽。前掩蔽是指在强掩蔽声音出现之前5~20ms的时间内,被掩蔽声音不可听见。

后掩蔽是指在强掩蔽声音消失后的50~200ms时间内,被掩蔽声音不可听见。回声隐藏技术就是利用了时域掩蔽效应。

根据题意,选项中的MPEG音频编码属于混合编码方法,它从人的听觉系统出发,利用掩蔽效应,设计心理声学模型,从而实现更高效率的数字音频的压缩。

填空题

When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He (1) severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm (2) balance, people would stare. I would inwardly be afraid (3) squirm at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let (4) .
It was difficult to coordinate (5) steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didn’t say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You (6) the pace. I will try to adjust to you. "
Our usual walk was to or (7) the subway, which was how he got to (8) . He went to work sick, and (9) nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would (10) it to the office even if (11) could not: a matter of pride!
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, (12) did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard (13) which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely (14) a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.
He has (15) gone many years now, but I think (16) him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our (17) . If he did, I am (18) I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am (19) of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a "good heart".
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my (20) , and say, "You set the pace, I will try to adjust to you.\

多项选择题

(一)
政府部门选拔工作人员,一般由用人单位提出人选,组织人事部门参与考核。但现实中存在着拉关系、递条子、托人情、走后门现象,搞得组织人事部门、用人单位无法正常工作,更无法保证用人质量。其结果是公务员的选拔不凭能力凭关系,不看本人看后台。“公平竞争、择优录用”成了一句空话。有本事的人面对着想进去一展身手的单位,只能长叹“有心报国,无法入门”而“长使英雄泪满襟”。社会上一句评价干部选择制度的流行话——“由少数人选人,在少数人中选人”,可谓一语道出了“本事强不过人事”的根子。一些地方和单位把选择干部的权力集中在少数人甚至一个人手里,把领导集体的多数人和多数干部群众排斥在外;把选择干部的对象局限在一个很小的圈子里,大量优秀人才被排斥在事业之外。这就决定了“由少数人在少数人中选人”的选择制度,其直接后果是不能保证人才的充分流入,也难以避免非人才的大量流入……热衷于、熟稔于“人事”的“能人”得到各种好处,如官位的晋升、利益的获得;而一些不热衷或不擅长钻营“人事”的人,一些一门心思干点事、增长点“本事”的人反而得不到各种好处,且时时处处呕气。长此以往,遂形成风气,形成时尚,使长于“人事”者或热衷于“人事”者趋之若鹜;使长于“本事”者、实心实意干点事的人灰心丧气,且日益减少。

案例中反映了目前人事行政中存在的哪些主要问题( )

A.在人才的选拔任用方面,存在着用人唯亲、权钱交易的现象

B.考核不实事求是,晋升不唯功,奖励不唯绩

C.严重压抑了一心想干点事、增长点“本事”的人的工作积极性

D.不公正、不公平和不公开