问题 填空题

【化学—选修2:化学与技术】(15分)

石膏转化为硫酸钾和CaCl2的工艺流程如下:

(1)CO2是一种很重要的副产品,工业上获得CO2的途径是              (用化学方程式表示)。

(2)转化Ⅰ中发生反应的离子方程式为                 。过滤Ⅰ得到的滤液是   ,检验滤液中含有CO的方法是_________________________________。

(3)转化Ⅱ中发生反应的化学方程式为                   ,转化Ⅱ中可获得K2SO4的原因是__________________________________________________。

(4)上述工艺流程中体现绿色化学理念的是______________________________________。

(5)氯化钙结晶水合物是目前常用的无机储热材料,选择的依据是    

a.熔点较低(29 ℃熔化)        b.能制冷

c.无毒                       d.能导电

答案

(1)CaCO3CaO+CO2↑         (2分)

(2)CaSO4+CO32===CaCO3↓+SO42 (2分)     (NH4)2SO4   (1分)

取少量滤液于试管中,滴加稀HCl,若有无色无味能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体产生,则证明滤液中含有CO32,若无明显现象,则滤液中不含CO32         (2分)

(3)2KCl+(NH4)2SO4===K2SO4↓+2NH4Cl     (2分)

KCl、(NH4)2SO4、K2SO4、NH4Cl四种物质的溶解度受温度的影响不同(2分)

(4)氨在工艺中循环使用、使用的原料无毒(其他合理答案也可)       (2分)

(5)  a   c     (2分)

(1)工业生产生石灰的同时会产生大量的CO2气体,这是工业上获得CO2的主要来源。

(2)碳酸钙的溶解度大于硫酸钙的,所以硫酸钙可以和碳酸盐反应生成碳酸钙。因此硫酸钙和碳酸铵反应生成碳酸钙和硫酸铵,即滤液中的主要成分是硫酸铵。碳酸盐和盐酸可以反应生成能使澄清石灰水变混浊的气体CO2,据此可以鉴别。

(3)当硫酸铵和氯化钾混合后,由于KCl、(NH4)2SO4、K2SO4、NH4Cl四种物质的溶解度受温度的影响不同,所以可以通过控制溶液的温度得到硫酸钾固体。

(4)根据转化特点可知,氨气在反应中可以循环使用,且所用的原料是无毒的。

(5)储热材料说明可以吸收热量,这说明化合物的熔点较低,易吸热熔化,从而可以较低周围环境的温度,同时化合物应该是无毒的、对人体健康没有伤害的。

阅读理解

2012 is the Year of the Dragon in China. It began on January 23 but not on January 1st. The dragon is a symbol* of power and wealth in Chinese culture. And it is also the sign of the Emperor of China. People born in the Year of the Dragon are active-minded. They show a strong interest in the world around them, and will try their best to make their dreams come true all their lives.

Dragon people are talented while these people enjoy being the center of attention. They will stop at nothing to get what they want. Dragon people are very friendly and if their friends face a problem, they will be there to offer help at once. There are some famous people who were born in the Year of the Dragon, such as the premier* of the Russian Putin and the famous Argentine soccer player Messi. In China, the CEO of Alibaba Group Mayun and movie star Zhouxun are dragon, too.

There are some big events in the Year of the Dragon. In China, the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) * will be held in Beijing in March. The 9th National University Games in Tianjin will happen in September. And soccer fans, they can meet at the 2012 European Cup in June in Poland. And In Britain, the 30th Olympic Games is being held in London on July 27.

小题1:What does “Dragon” stand for in Chinese culture?

A.power

B.wealth

C.the emperor

D.all of the above小题2:When does the Year of Dragon begin?

A.January 1st.

B.January 23rd

C.January 2nd.

D.January 22nd.小题3:What will happen in July in London?

A.National People's Congress

B.National University Games

C.2012 European Cup

D.the Olympic Games小题4:Which of the following is NOT TRUE acorrding to the passage?

A.People born in the Year of the Dragon are active-minded.

B.People born in the Year of the Dragon enjoy being the center of attention.

C.If they face a problem, People born in the Year of the Dragon will give up.

D.If their friends face a problem, people born in the Year of the Dragon will offer help at once.

单项选择题