问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成1~4题。

  况钟,字伯律,靖安人。初以吏事尚书吕震,奇其才,荐授仪制司主事。迁郎中。宣德五年,帝以郡守多不称职,会苏州等九府缺,皆雄剧地,命部、院臣举其属之廉能者补之。钟用尚书蹇义、胡濙等荐,擢知苏州,赐敕以遣之。

  苏州赋役繁重,豪猾舞文为 * * 利,最号难治。钟乘传至府。初视事,群吏环立请判牒。钟佯不省,左右顾问,惟吏所欲行止。吏大喜,谓太守暗,易欺。越三日,召诘之曰:“前某事宜行,若止我;某事宜止,若强我行。若辈舞文久,罪当死。”立捶杀数人,尽斥属僚之贪虐庸懦者。一 府大震,皆奉法。钟乃蠲烦苛,立条教,事不便民者,立上书言之。

  当时,屡诏减苏、松重赋。钟与巡抚周忱悉心计画,奏免七十余万石。凡忱所行善政,钟皆协力成之。所积济农他粟岁数十万石,振荒之外,以代民间杂办及逋租。

  其为政,纤悉周密。尝置二簿识民善恶,以行劝惩,又置通关勘合簿,防出纳 * * 伪。置纲运簿,防运夫侵盗。置馆夫簿,防非理需求。兴利除害,不遗余力。锄豪强,植良善,民奉之若神。

  初,钟为吏时,吴江平思忠亦以吏起家,为吏部司务,遇钟有恩。至是钟数延见,执礼甚恭,且令二子给侍,曰:“非无仆隶,欲藉是报公耳。”思忠家素贫,未尝缘故谊有所干。人两贤之。

  钟尝丁母忧,郡民诣阙乞留,诏起复。正统六年,秩满当迁,部民二万余人,走诉巡按御史张文昌,乞再任。诏进正三品俸,仍视府事。明年十二月卒于官。吏民聚哭,为立祠。钟刚正廉洁,孜孜爱民,前后守苏者莫能及。(节选自《明史》)

  【注】 ①蠲(juān):免除。②逋(bū):欠交,拖欠。③丁:遭逢。

1.对下列句子中加粗词的解释,不正确的一项是(     )

A.以行惩——劝:劝告

B.钟不省,左右顾问——佯:假装

C.非无仆隶,欲是报公耳——藉:借

D.诏进正三品俸,仍府事——视:主管

2.下列句子中,全都表现况钟刚正廉洁的一项是(     )

①钟用尚书蹇义、胡濙等荐,擢知苏州,赐敕以遣之。

②立捶杀数人,尽斥属僚之贪虐庸懦者 。一府大震,皆奉法。

③钟与巡抚周忱悉心计画,奏免七十余万石。

④锄豪强,植良善,民奉之若神。

⑤钟数延见,执礼甚恭,且令二子给侍,曰:“非无仆隶,欲藉是报公耳。”

⑥思忠家素贫,未尝缘故谊有所干。

A.①③⑥       

B.②③⑤

C.②④⑤

D.②③④

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(     )

A.况钟到苏州一上任,就采取欲擒故纵的策略,严惩那些豪强猾吏,痛斥贪赃枉法和昏庸无能者,使得全府上下大为震动,从此全都奉法行事。

B.况钟在苏州为政期间,办事周密,执政为民,不仅下大力气惩恶扬善,而且为老百姓减免赋税,深受老百姓的欢迎,老百姓把他当作神明看待。

C.况钟是个知恩图报的人,吴江人平思忠对他有恩,况钟就多次拜见平思忠,深表谢意,对待平思忠礼节非常恭敬,并且让自己的两个儿子去侍奉平思忠。

D.况钟几次因故要卸任或离任,都被老百姓请求并经朝廷批准而继续留任,无论是前任还是后任,在廉洁奉公、勤政爱民方面,没有一个能比得上况钟的。

4.把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)苏州赋役繁重,豪猾舞文为 * * 利,最号难治。

_____________________________________________________________

(2)其为政,纤悉周密。尝置二簿识民善恶,以行劝惩,又置通关勘合簿,防出纳 * * 伪。 _____________________________________________________________

答案

1.A

2.C

3.C

4.(1)苏州地区赋税繁多劳役沉重,豪强猾吏舞文弄墨以 * * 求利,是号称最难治理的地方。

(2)况钟主持政务,细心而且周密。他曾设置两本簿籍记录乡民的善恶,用来进行奖励和惩罚,又设立通关勘合簿,防止进出时行 * * 作伪。

多项选择题 X型题
完形填空
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第四部分:任务型阅读  (10分)
认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
Speaking in public is most people's least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fools of ourselves. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become. In fact, public speaking is not a "gift" like musical talent. Anybody who can talk can speak in public. Here are some of the lessons I have learned:
Try to make your idea clear and brief. If you can't express what you intend to get across in a sentence or two, and then your speech is not focused well enough. If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to say, your audience will make no sense. After all, what you can impress your audience in your speech is one or two of your main ideas. One or two. Not ten or twenty.
No matter how long or short your speech is, you've got to organize it well-how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how you're going to close. A strong close is critical: the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember. When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first. When you know where you' re headed, you can choose any route to get there.
Finally, you'd better limit the time of your speech as properly as you can to hold the audience's curiosity. Take a vaudeville act (杂耍) for example. The standard length of one is usually 12 minutes. Just imagine how you are feeling if you have been watching all the performers singing and dancing their hearts out for more than the standard time
Title: How to make a   71   speech
Techniques
Reasons
Requirements
 
Keep it brief
and clear
You  should   72  your speech  well enough.
 
Prepare one or two of your main ideas.
The audience will not catch you well if your idea is   73 
Get    your
speech well
_74 
Knowing where you are going, you can make a better   75   of the route to get there.
Know very well about the  76 , body  and ending of the speech
Keep   your
speech time
_77 
Your speech should not be too long so as to make your audience   78
Limit the time of your speech in a  79  way.
If you don't,  the audience will be _80  .