问题 阅读理解与欣赏
现代文阅读:文学类文本阅读下面的作品,完成后面题目。(20分)

梁实秋
早起最快意的一件事,莫过于在案上发现一大堆信——平、快、挂,七长八短的一大堆。明知其间未必有多少令人欢喜的资料,大概总是说穷诉苦、琐屑累人的居多,常常令人终日寡欢,但是仍希望有一大堆信来。Marcus Aurelius 曾经说:“每天早晨离家时,我对我自己说,‘我今天将要遇见一个傲慢的人,一个忘恩负义的人,一个说话太多的人。这些人之所以如此,乃是自然而且必要的,所以不要惊讶。’”我每天早晨拆阅来信,亦先具同样心理,不但不存奢望,而且预先料到我今天将要接到几封催命符式的讨债信,生活比我优裕而反来向我告贷的信,以及看了不能令人喜欢的喜报,不能令人不喜欢的讣闻等。世界上是有此等人、此等事,所以我当然也要接得此等信,不必惊讶。最难堪的,是遥望绿衣人来,总是过门不入,那才是莫可名状的凄凉,仿佛有被人遗弃之感。
有一种人把自己的文字润格订得极高,颇有一字千金之概,轻易是不肯写信的。你写信给他,永远是石沉大海,假如忽然间朵云遥颁,而且多半是又挂又快,隔着信封摸上去,沉甸甸的,又厚又重——放心,里面第一页必是抄自尺牍大全,“自违雅教,时切遐思,比维起居清泰为颂为祷”这么一套,正文自第二页开始,末尾于顿首之后,必定还要标明“鹄候回音”四个大字,外加三个密圈,此外必不可少的是另附恭楷履历硬卡片一张。这种信也有用处,至少可以令我们知道此人依然健在,此种信不可不复,复时以“……俟有机缘,定当驰告”这么一套为最得体。
另一种人,好以纸笔代喉舌,不惜工本,写信较勤。刊物的编者大抵是以写信为其主要职务之一,所以不在话下。因误会而恋爱的情人们,见面时眼睛都要迸出火星,一旦隔离,焉能不情急智生,烦邮差来传书递简?Herrick有句云:“嘴唇只有在不能接吻时才肯歌唱。”同样的,情人们只有在不能喁喁私语时才要写信。情书是一种紧急救济,所以亦不在话下。我所说的爱写信的人,是指家人朋友之间聚散匆匆,暌违之后,有所见,有所闻,有所忆,有所感,不愿独秘,愿人分享,则乘兴奋笔,借通情愫。写信者并无所求,受信者但觉情谊翕如,趣味盎然,不禁色起神往。在这心情之下,朋友的信可作为宋元人的小简读,家书亦不妨当作社会新闻看。看信之乐,莫过于此。
写信如谈话。痛快人写信,大概总是开门见山。若是开门见雾,模模糊糊,不知所云,则其人谈话亦必是丈八罗汉,令人摸不着头脑。我又尝接得另外一种信,突如其来,内容是讲学论道,洋洋洒洒,作者虽未要我代为保存,我则觉得责任太大,万一庋藏不慎,岂不就要湮没名文。老实讲,我是有收藏信件的癖好的,但亦略有抉择:多年老友,误入仕途,使用书记代笔者,不收;正文自第二页开始者,不收;横写或在左边写起者,不收;有加新式标点之必要者,不收;没有加新式标点之可能者亦不收……因为有这样多的限制,所以收藏不富。
信里面的称呼最足以见人情世态。有一位业教授的朋友告诉我,他常接到许多信件,开端如果是“夫子大人函丈”或“××老师钧鉴”,写信者必定是刚刚毕业或失业的学生,甚而至于并不是同时同院系的学生,其内容泰半是请求提携的意思。如果机缘凑巧,再加上铨叙合格,连米贴房贴算在一起足够两个教授的薪水,他写起信来便干干脆脆的称兄道弟了!我的朋友言下不胜欷歔,其实是他所见不广。师生关系,原属雇佣性质,焉能不受阶级升黜的影响?
书信写作西人尝称之为“最温柔的艺术”,其亲切细腻仅次于日记。我国尺牍,尤多精粹之作。但居今之世,心头萦绕者尽是米价涨落问题,一袋袋的邮件之中要拣出几篇雅丽可诵的文章来,谈何容易。
小题1:“信”在本文中有哪四个别称?(4分)
                                                    
小题2:第2、5两段中画线词语在文中的含义是什么?(4分)
朵云遥颁:                    阶级升黜:                    
小题3:作者收藏信件应符合什么样的要求?请结合文中第4段内容,用自己的话概述,不超过20个字。(6分)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20
小题4:从本文可以看出梁实秋的散文具有什么样的独特风格?请试作探究。(6分)
                                                                             
                                                                             
答案

小题1:.书、简、函、尺牍4分。每点1分。

小题2:隔个好久(从老远)来了一封信  地位待遇改变4分。每问2分。

小题3:亲笔作书,开门见山,行款正确,文字清通。   6分。答出任1点得2分,2点得3分,3点得5分,答全得6分。

小题4:典雅清丽,中西合璧,洞达人情,幽默风趣。6分。得出其中任意3点即可。

小题1:

题目分析:本题难度不大,只要浏览一下全文,根据前后意思,找到书、简、函、尺牍这四个书信的别称还是较容易的。

小题2:

题目分析:首先在文中找到要理解的词语,结合所在句子的上下文的具体语境来解决词语中的关键词。如“朵云遥颁”,其上下句的具体语境是“你写信给他,永远是石沉大海,假如忽然间朵云遥颁,而且多半是又挂又快,隔着信封摸上去,沉甸甸的,又厚又重”,从中可知,“朵云”指书信,遥,指时间久远,颁,发下,这里指来书信。整合即隔了很长时间来了一封书信。后一词语也应如此分析。

小题3:

题目分析:根据题目的要求,先从文中找出相关的段落,也即确定答题区间。相关内容在文章的第四自然段,不过内容俱是讲哪些信不收,所以需进行转换并且加以概括才成。

小题4:

题目分析:本题要求探究梁实秋的散文具有什么样的独特风格,难度较大。首先要了解,文章的风格主要是体现在哪些方面,它常指向文章的艺术表现形式方面,诸如语言风格,表现手法,内容特点等。

阅读理解
Cities with high levels of homeownership—in the range of 75%, like Detroit and St. Louis—had on average considerably lower levels of economic activity and much lower wages and incomes. Far too many people in financial problems are trapped in homes they can’t sell, unable to move on to new centers of opportunity.
The cities and regions with the lowest levels of homeownership—in the range of 55% to 60% like Los Angeles and New York—had healthier economies and higher incomes. They also had higher levels of happiness and well-being.
I was shocked to read these interesting points that Richard Florida made in his recent article. Let me try to understand. The people in Detroit and St. Louis are less happy than the people in New York, and Los Angeles. And, the reason is because of homeownership rates?
First, to compare them to New York City (the economic capital of the world), Los Angeles (the entertainment capital of the world) seems unfair. Most people in almost any other city in the world might be less happy!
Next, let’s try a different way of determining whether renters are happier than homeowners. Why don’t we ask them? Fannie Mae’s National Housing Survey 2010 reported:
75% of current renters believe owning a home makes more sense.
67% plan to buy a home at some point in the future.
When they asked current renters for the major reason to buy a house, these were their answers (they could pick several answers):
78% said it was a good place to raise children.
75% said because they would feel safe.
70% said because you have control of your own space.
If you believe renters are happier, you would also have to believe the majority enjoy living in a less safe environment, which wouldn’t be a good place to raise children and would be a place where they have less control of their space.
小题1:Which of the following is a fact?
A.People in Los Angeles earn high incomes because of its low homeownership rate.
B.New York’s low homeownership rate increases people’s happiness levels.
C.Detroit’s high level of homeownership causes its economic problems.
D.St. Louis has a higher level of homeownership than Los Angeles.
小题2:In his article, Richard Florida tried to express that _________.
A.people in Los Angeles are happier than those in St. Louis
B.renting a house is better than owning a house
C.Detroit’s economy is healthier than New York’s economy
D.New York and Los Angeles are happiest cities
小题3:The writer believes that New York City and Los Angeles _________.
A.pay employees highest wages in America
B.benefit from low levels of homeownership
C.are leading cities across the globe
D.are best American cities to live in
小题4:From Fannie Mae’s survey report, we can know that _________.
A.paying rent makes more sense
B.most homeowners plan to sell their houses
C.most renters prefer to become homeowners
D.parents need to buy a house for their children
单项选择题