问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成文后各题。

吴充,字冲卿,建州浦城人。未冠举进士,入为国子监直讲、吴王宫教授。等辈多与宗室狎,充齿最少,独以严见惮,相率设席受经。  

选人胡宗尧者,翰林学士宿之子,坐小累,不得改京官。判铨欧阳修为之请,仇家谮修以为党宿,诏出修同州。充言:“修忠直,不宜用谗逐。若以为私,则臣愿与修同贬。”于是修复留,而充改知太常礼院。张贵妃薨,治丧越式,判寺王洙命吏以印纸行文书,不令同僚知。充移开封治吏罪,忤执政意,出知高邮军。神宗谕以任用意,知谏院。  

王安石参知政事,充子安持,其婿也,引嫌解谏职,为翰林学士。三年,拜枢密副使。王韶取洮州,蕃酋木征遁去,充请招还故地,縻以爵秩,使自领所部,永为外臣,无庸复列置郡县,殚财屈力。时方以开拓付韶,充言不用。

  八年,进枢密使。充不善安石所为,数为帝言政事不便。帝察其中立无与,欲相之。安石去,遂代为同中书门下平章事、监修国史。充欲有所变革,乞召还司马光数十人。光亦以充可告语,与之书曰:“自新法之行,中外汹汹。民困于烦苛,日夜引领,冀朝廷觉悟,一变敝法。”充深思之,终不能用。

  王珪与充并相,忌充,阴掣其肘。而充素恶蔡确,确治相州狱,捕安持及亲戚、官属考治,欲钩致充语,帝独明其亡他。及确之预政,充与议变法于前,数为所诎。安南师出无功而知谏院张璪又谓充与郭逵书止其进兵复置狱充既数遭同列困毁积忧畏疾益侵。元丰三年,罢为观文殿大学士。卒,年六十。

  充内行修饬,事兄甚谨。为相务安静,性沉密,对家人语,未尝及国家事,所言于上,人莫知者。将终,戒妻子勿以私事干朝廷,帝益悲之。世谓充心正而力不足,讥其知不可而弗能勇退也。

(节选自《宋史》列传第七十一)小题1:对下列句中加点字的解释,错误的一项是(3分)

A.相率设席受经接受,学习

B.仇家谮修以为党宿,诏出修同州诬陷

C.无庸列置郡县,殚财屈力竭尽,耗尽

D.帝独明其亡他无,没有小题2:下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是(3分)

A.判铨欧阳修为之请数为所诎

B.判寺王洙命吏以印纸行文书光亦以充可告语

C.民困于烦苛充与议变法于前

D.自新法之行及确之预政小题3:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,错误的一项是(3分)

A.吴充还未成年就考中了进士。做吴王宫教授时,得到宠爱。在与皇帝宗室亲密交往的同事中,要数吴充最年轻。

B.欧阳修因为替胡宗尧讲话被仇家陷害,吴充向皇上进言强调欧阳修的忠直,使得欧阳修免于外放,得以留在京城。

C.吴充虽然是王安石的亲家,但却和王安石的政见不太相同;在王安石离开朝廷后,吴充也曾想改变他的一些做法,所以请求皇上召回司马光等人。

D.吴充很注重自己的品德修养,也尽心尽力为朝廷效力,但世人评价他是为人正直却能力不足,而且明知道自己无能为力时还不懂得急流勇退。

答案

小题1:A

小题2:D

小题3:A

小题1:A:传授。

小题2:D之:助词,取消独立性。(A 介词,为、替/表被动的介词,被; B介词,用/认为;C介词,表被动/介词,在)

小题3:A(吴充并非的“得到宠爱”也不是“与皇帝宗室亲密交往的同事中”的人)

译文:

吴充,字冲卿,是建州浦城人。未到二十岁就考中进士,入超担任国子监直讲、吴王宫教授。同事大多和皇族亲密往来,充年纪最小,却独以严肃受到敬畏,相继设讲席传授经义。  

候选官员选胡宗尧,是翰林学士胡宿的儿子,因小事牵连获罪,不得改任京官。担任判铨的欧阳修为他求情,仇家诬陷欧阳修认为他偏袒同党,朝廷下诏外放欧阳修到同州。吴充说:“欧阳修因为忠直提拔做侍从之臣,不应该因为谗言而被贬逐(外放,放逐)。若认为我有私心(偏私),那我甘愿和欧阳修一同受贬。”于是修再留任,而吴充改知太常礼院。张贵妃去世,办丧事超过规格,判寺王洙命官吏用印纸批行文书,不让同僚知道。吴充批文到开封治该管吏的罪,触犯当权者的意旨,离京知高邮军。神宗把任用他的意图告诉他,知同谏院。  

王安石担任参知政事,吴充的子吴安持,是安石的女婿,吴充为避嫌解除谏官的职务,担任翰林学士。过了三年,被任命为枢密副使。王韶攻取洮州,蕃地的首领木征逃离,无充请求招揽他回故地,用爵位和官俸笼络他,使他统领属下,永做番臣,朝廷也不用再设置郡县,耗财费力。当时朝廷正把开拓疆土的任务交给王韶,所以吴充的话不被采纳。

 过了八年,吴充升为枢密使。吴充不赞成(认可)安石的做法,多次向皇上说政事不顺利。皇帝明察他中立无偏向,想任命他为相。王安石离开后,他就代理担任同中书门下平章事、监修国史。吴充想改革政事,请求朝廷召回司马光等几十人。司马光也认为吴充是可以讲真话的,写信给他说:“自从新法实行,朝廷内外纷扰不安。百姓被烦杂苛政所困,日夜翘首,盼望朝廷醒悟,全改敝法。”吴充深入地思考后,最终没有采纳他的意见。

 王珪和充一同担任丞相,妒忌吴充,暗地牵制他。而吴充向来厌恶蔡确,蔡确审理相州案件,逮捕吴安持及亲戚、属官拷问治罪,欲牵连罗致到关于吴充的事情,唯独帝明察他没有什么事。到蔡确参与主政,吴充与他在皇上面前讨论变法,多次被他折斥。征安南师出无功,知谏院张璪又说吴充给郭逵写信,阻止他进军,又立罪案。吴充多次遭到同朝官员围攻诋毁,忧畏交集,病更重。元丰三年,被罢免相职做观文殿大学士。卒年六十岁。

 吴充注重品德修养,对待兄长十分周到。处理政事追求安定。性格沉稳周密,对家人说话,从未提及国家的事情,对皇上所说的话,也没有人能知道。临终时,他告诫妻子不要那私事要求朝廷,皇上更为之悲伤。世人说他心正而力不足,批评他知道无能为力却不懂得激流勇退。

完形填空
Adults usually do not remember most of the things that are taught by their teachers at school. But this story is one   16  that I will never forget.
It was a normal Monday morning, and my teacher was teaching us about  17  things in life and about devoting ourselves to what we really need. This is how the story went:
  18   lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the underground. He would get onto the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and   19 . He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at  20 street corner and begged for almost 20 years.
His  21  was dirty, and a stench (恶臭) came out. The neighbors could not bear the  22 any more, so they called for the police officers to clear the place. The officers knocked down the door and  23 the house. There were small bags of  24  all over the house that he had collected over the years.
The police counted the money, and they soon   25 that the old man was a millionaire. They waited outside his house expecting to  26  the good news with him. When the old man arrived home that evening, one of the officers told him that there was no need for him to beg any more as he was a   27 man now, a millionaire.
But the old man said  28  ;he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up  29  ,went to the underground, sat at the same street corner and continued to beg.
Clearly, this old man had no great plans,  30   or anything significant (重大的) for his life. We learn nothing from this story but to stay focused on the things we enjoy doing.
小题1:
A.classB.teacherC.lessonD.study
小题2:
A.importantB.difficultC.thoughtfulD.grateful
小题3:
A.An office manB.An old manC.A sick manD.A rude man
小题4:
A.singB.sleepC.thinkD.beg
小题5:
A.a differentB.anotherC.the sameD.a strange
小题6:
A.houseB.coatC.capD.bag
小题7:
A.smellB.houseC.rubbishD.money
小题8:
A.movedB.cleanedC.hitD.opened
小题9:
A.foodB.moneyC.booksD.clothes
小题10:
A.toldB.saidC.realizedD.thought
小题11:
A.tellB.shareC.coverD.discuss
小题12:
A.richB.luckyC.niceD.hardworking
小题13:
A.thanksB.somethingC.nothingD.much
小题14:
A.much laterB.much earlierC.so quicklyD.as usual
小题15:
A.friendsB.jobsC.chancesD.dreams
填空题