问题 填空题

写出有关耳的结构名称.

(1)写出听觉的形成过程:外界声波→______→______→______→______→______→______→听觉.

(2)D______H______

(3)耳的结构中有听觉感受器的是______,将耳与咽部相通的结构是______,生活中的有些人经常晕车和晕船的主要原因是______和______有关.

答案

从图中可以看出:耳的结构包括Ⅰ外耳、Ⅱ中耳和Ⅲ内耳.

(1)外耳包括B耳廓和C外耳道,耳廓有收集声波的作用,外耳道将声波传至鼓膜.

(2)中耳包括D鼓膜、J鼓室和A听小骨,鼓膜把声波振动转为机械振动,听小骨把鼓膜的振动扩大并传到内耳;

(3)内耳包括E半规管、H前庭和G耳蜗,半规管和前庭内有感受头部位置变动的位觉(平衡觉)感受器,前者引起旋转感觉,后者引起位置感觉和变速感觉.前庭及半规管过敏的人,在直线变速及旋转变速运动时,传入冲动引起中枢有关部位过强的反应,导致头晕、恶心、呕吐、出汗等,这就是通常说的晕车、晕船.G耳蜗中有听觉感受器,感受振动的刺激,产生神经冲动.半规管过敏的人,在直线变速及旋转变速运动时,传入冲动引起中枢有关部位过强的反应,导致头晕、恶心、呕吐、出汗等,这就是通常说的晕车、晕船.在耳蜗内有听觉感受器.

(4)听觉感受器和位觉感觉器的传入神经合在一起,组成F位听神经.

(5)中耳与咽相连的结构是I咽鼓管,当吞咽食物和打呵欠时管口开放,空气由此进入鼓室,所以它有调节鼓室内气压,从而维护正常听力的作用.

听觉的形成过程是:外界的声波经过外耳道传到鼓膜,引起鼓膜的振动;振动通过听小骨传到内耳,刺激耳蜗内的听觉感受器,产生神经冲动;神经冲动通过与听觉有关的神经传递到大脑皮层的听觉中枢,就形成了听觉.

故答案为:(1)外耳道;鼓膜;听小骨;耳蜗;位听神经;大脑皮层的听觉中枢;(2)鼓膜;前庭;(3)耳蜗;咽鼓管;前庭;半规管.

阅读理解

One day, a farmer was walking along a road with his son Thomas. The father said, "Look! There's a horseshoe .Pick it up and put it in your bag.” Thomas said, "It isn't worth the trouble." His father said nothing but he picked it up himself. When they got to a nearby town, they had a rest. There the farmer sold the horseshoe and with the few pennies he bought some cherries(樱桃).

The father and the son continued their way. The sun was well up in the sky, and there wasn't a house or even a tree where they could have a rest. Thomas felt too thirsty to walk on. At this time, his father dropped a cherry on the ground and Thomas picked it up quickly and ate it. After a while, his father dropped another cherry and once again, his son lost no time in picking it up and putting it in his mouth.

And so they went on. The old farmer dropped the cherries and the son picked them up .When Thomas had eaten up all the cherries ,his father said to him "My dear son ,if you had bent (弯腰)down early to pick up that horseshoe, it would not have been necessary for you to bend so many times for the cherries. Always remember the lesson that he who does not worry about the little things will find that he cannot do the great things."

根据短文内容,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳答案。(10分)

小题1:Who picked up the horseshoe at last?

A.The son.

B.The father.

C.Both the father and the son.

D.Neither the father nor the son.小题2:The farmer bought ___  with the money after he sold the horseshoe.

A.some bread

B.some water

C.some cherries

D.some pennies小题3:When the son refused to pick up the horseshoe, the father___   .

A.beat the son

B.said nothing

C.felt vary happy

D.became very angry小题4:The father dropped the cherries one by one, because___    .

A.he wanted to teach his son a lesson

B.he wanted his son to do more exercise

C.he wanted his son to eat them all

D.he wanted to laugh at his son小题5:From the story, we can learn that___    .

A.cherries are so delicious that most of us like to eat them

B.a horseshoe is so expensive that it can bring us a lot of money

C.if we want to eat cherries ,we must pick up a horseshoe

D.if we don't worry about the little things, we cannot do the great things

问答题 简答题