问题 问答题 简答题

阅读下列说明,回答问题1至问题3。将解答填入答题纸的对应栏内。【说明】小赵是一位优秀的软件设计师,负责过多项系统集成项目的应用开发,现在公司因人手紧张,让他作为项目经理独自管理一个类似的项目,他使用瀑布模型来管理该项目的全生命周期,如下所示:

项目进行到实施阶段,小赵发现在系统定义阶段所制订的项目计划估计不准,实施阶段有许多原先没有估计到的任务现在都冒了出来。项目工期因而一再延期,成本也一直超出。

请简要叙述瀑布模型的优缺点。请简要叙述其他模型如何弥补瀑布模型的不足。

答案

参考答案:

瀑布模型的优点:阶段划分次序清晰,各阶段人员的职责规范、明确,便于前后活动的衔接,有利于活动重用和管理。

瀑布模型的缺点:是一种理想的线性开发模式,缺乏灵活性(或风险分析),无法解决需求不明确或不准确的问题。

原型化模型(演化模型),用于解决需求不明确的情况。螺旋模型,强调风险分析,特别适合庞大而复杂的、高风险的系统。

阅读理解

It all began with a stop at a red light.

Kevin Salwen was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Hannah, back from a sleepover in 2006 . While waiting at a traffic light, they saw a black Mercedes Coupe on one side and a homeless man begging for food on the other.

“Dad, if that man had a less nice car, that man there could have a meal.”Hannah protested. The light changed and they drove on, but Hannah was too young to be reasonable. She pestered (纠缠)her parents about inequity, insisting that she wanted to do something.

“What do you want to do?” her mom responded. “Sell our house?”

Warning! Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager. Hannah seized upon the idea of selling the luxurious family home and donating half the proceeds to charity, while using the other half to buy a more modest replacement home.

Eventually, that’s what the family did. The project —crazy, impetuous (鲁莽的) and utterly inspiring — is written down in detail in a book by father and daughter scheduled to be published next month: “The Power of Half.” It’s a book that, frankly, I’d be nervous about leaving around where my own teenage kids might find it. An impressionable child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.

At a time of enormous needs in Haiti and elsewhere, when so many Americans are trying to help Haitians by sending everything from text messages to shoes, the Salwens offer an example of a family that came together to make a difference — for themselves as much as the people they were trying to help. In a column a week ago, it described neurological evidence from brain scans that unselfishness lights up parts of the brain normally associated with more primary satisfaction. The Salwens’ experience confirms the selfish pleasures of selflessness.

Mr. Salwen and his wife, Joan, had always assumed that their kids would be better off in a bigger house. But after they downsized, there was much less space to retreat to, so the family members spent more time around each other. A smaller house unexpectedly turned out to be a more family-friendly house.

小题1:The best title for the passage should be “______”.

A.The Less, the Better

B.An Expected Satisfaction

C.Something We Can Live Without

D.Somewhat Crazy but Inspiring小题2:What does the underlined word “inequity” most probably mean in Paragraph 3?

A.Unfairness.

B.Satisfaction.

C.Personal attitude.

D.Reasonable statement.小题3: What does the underlined sentence “Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager.” means? ______

A.Never give a quick answer to an idealistic teenager.

B.Unless a child is realistic, never give an answer immediately.

C.Give an answer if the child is reasonable.

D.Don’t respond to a child's demands firmly without consideration.小题4: What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.The Salwens regretted selling their house.

B.The relationship between the family members of the Salwens is much closer.

C.Small houses can bring happiness.

D.The Salwens intend to buy another big house.小题5:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Mercedes Coupe is only an ordinary car which is quite cheap.

B.Unselfishness has nothing to do with people’s primary satisfaction.

C.Hannah asked her parents to do something charitable and they sold their house.

D.The writer’s children asked him to sell their house.

单项选择题