问题 填空题

Today’s lecture is about the mass (1) of the world’s population. There are two major (2) why people are moving to cities. The first reason is (3) . People are moving to the cities because that’s where they can find (4) and earn money. The second reason for the move to cities has to do with (5) of life issues: comfort and (6) . Cities often offer better (7) . And then for many, city life is just more (8) . An interesting consequence of urbanization is that the average (9) of people in the countryside is increasing, while that of the cities is (10) .
Three key (11) can be identified in our cities. First of all, they’re getting bigger. Most cities are bigger now than ever before. Cities are also changing shape. They’re getting (12) , because land is getting more and more expensive. (13) have become a symbol of modern cities.
Cities are also changing shape in other ways. The (14) Model and the (15) Nuclei Model are probably more typical of the cities we know today. They show the urban (16) that’s occurring in contemporary cities.
The third change is that our cities are breaking up into (17) communities, often by (18) group or (19) level. This often means that people stay within their community and do not come into contact with others from different (20) .

答案

参考答案:changes / transformations / elements / issues , etc.

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成下面问题。

张保皋、郑年传

杜牧

  新罗①人张保皋、郑年者,自其国来徐州,为军中小将。保皋年三十,年少十岁,兄呼保皋。俱善斗战,骑而挥枪,其本国与徐州无有能敌者。年复能没海履其地,五十里不噎。角其勇健,保皋差不及年。保皋以齿,年以艺,常龃龉不相下

  后保皋归新罗,谒其王曰:“遍中国以新罗人为奴婢,愿得镇清海,使贼不得掠人西去。”其王与万人,如其请。自大和后,海上无鬻新罗人者。保皋既贵于其国,年错寞去职,饥寒在泗之涟水县。一日言于涟水戍将冯元规曰:“年欲东归,乞食于张保皋。”元规曰:“尔与保皋所挟何如,奈何去取死其手?”年曰:“饥寒死,不如兵死快,况死故乡邪!”年遂去。至谒保皋,保皋饮之极欢。饮未卒,其国使至,大臣杀其王,国乱无主。保皋遂分兵五千人与年,持年泣曰:“非子不能平祸难。”年至其国,诛反者,立王以报。王遂征保皋为相,以年代保皋。

  天宝安禄山乱。朔方节度使安思顺以禄山从弟赐死,诏郭汾阳代之。后旬日,复诏李临淮持节分朔方半兵,东出赵、魏。当思顺时,汾阳、临淮俱为牙门都将,将万人,不相能,虽同盘饮食,常睇相视,不交一言。及汾阳代思顺,临淮欲亡去,计未决,诏至,分汾阳兵东讨,临淮入请曰:“一死固甘,乞免妻子。”汾阳趋下,持手上堂偶坐,曰:“今国乱主迁,非公不能东伐,岂怀私忿时耶?”悉召军吏,出诏书读之,如诏约束。及别,执手泣涕,相勉以忠义。讫平剧盗,实二公之力。

  知其心不叛,知其材可任,然后心不疑,兵可分。平生积忿,知其心难也;忿必见短,知其材益难也。此保皋与汾阳之贤等耳。保皋任年,事出于己,年且寒饥,易为感动。汾阳、临淮,平生抗立,临淮之命,出于天子,榷于保皋,汾阳为优。

  世称周、召为百代人师,周公拥孺子,而召公疑之。以周公之圣,召公之贤,少事文王,老佐武王,能平天下,周公之心,召公且不知之。苟有仁义之心,不资以明,虽召公尚尔,况其下哉。

  [注]①新罗:公元前57年至935年,朝鲜半岛i国之一。②郭汾阳:郭子仪,因平叛有功官封汾阳郡王。③李临淮:李光弼,冈平叛有功官封临淮郡王。

1.对下列句中划线词的解释,不正确的一项是[ ]

A.保皋不及年——差:稍微

B.持手上堂坐——偶:相对

C.讫平盗,实二公之力——剧:大

D.汾阳、临淮,平生立——抗:对抗

2.下列各组句子中,划线词的意义和用法相同的一项是[ ]

A.俱善斗战,骑挥枪——侣鱼虾友麋鹿

B.年欲东归,乞食张保皋——故燕王欲结

C.至谒保皋,保皋饮极欢——作《师说》以贻

D.此保皋汾阳之贤等耳——虽日月争光可也

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,正确的一项是[ ]

A.张保皋和郑年从新罗来到徐州从军,两人都骁勇善战,张保皋年轻十岁,郑年水性好,后来张保皋回国受重用,郑年却潦倒他乡。

B.郭子仪与李光弼都曾是牙门都将,但平素不和,为东讨叛贼,两人捐弃前嫌,以忠义共勉,为唐朝中兴立下汗马功劳。

C.作者将两个外族人物与古圣贤周公召公相提并论,见识过人;他还认为与郭子仪和李光弼相比,张保皋和郑年的故事更感人。

D.文末举周公和召公的例子,意在说明即使是像召公这样的圣贤,尚不能完全知周公之心,更何况在他们手下的一般臣子呢

4.把文中画线句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)保皋以齿,年以艺,常龃龉不相下。

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(2)今国乱主迁,非公不能东伐,岂怀私忿时耶?

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(3)平生积忿,知其心难也;忿必见短,知其材益难也。

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