问题 问答题

请根据要求填空:

(1)一氧化碳和二氧化碳只有一字之差.

①二者就像孪生兄弟,这是因为______(填字母)

A.它们都有毒 B.它们由同种分子构成C.它们都能溶于水 D.它们由同种元素组成

②二者化学性质相差甚远,请举一例说明:______.

③在密闭容器中,将少量乙醇置于一定量氧气中燃烧,生成二氧化碳、水蒸气和一种未知物质W.现测得反应前后各物质的质量如下:

物质乙醇氧气二氧化碳水蒸气W
反应前质量/g4880000
反应后质量/g204454x
根据质量守恒定律,得出表中x的值为______;

(2)下面是钠元素和氯元素在元素周期表中的信息和3种粒子的结构示意图回答问题:

钠原子的相对原子质量是______;钠元素与氯元素最本质的区别是______.Na+的结构示意图是______ (填字母).

答案

(1)①一氧化碳的化学式为CO,二氧化碳化学式为CO2,两气体都是由C、O两种元素组成,但两气体的分子构成不同;CO不溶于水,能与血液中血红蛋白结合而表现出毒性;CO2能溶于水,无毒;

故答案为:D;

②一氧化碳具有可燃性,二氧化碳不能燃烧;一氧化碳具有还原性,二氧化碳可表现出氧化性;一氧化碳是有毒气体,二氧化碳无毒性;二氧化碳能与水、澄清石灰水反应,而一氧化碳不能;

故答案为:一氧化碳有毒;二氧化碳无毒;

③根据质量守恒定律可知,化学反应前后,物质质量不变可知:48+80=2+44+54+x   x=28

故答案为:28;

(2)根据元素周期表中所提供的钠元素信息,可知钠原子的质量是22.99;

根据不同种元素最本质的区别是质子数不同,所以钠原子与氯原子的最本质区别是:核电荷数(或质子数)不同;

 根据当核电荷数=质子数>核外电子数,为阳离子,A图中 核电荷数=11>2+8;

故答案为:22.99;核电荷数(或质子数)不同;A.

阅读理解

     In America, students are also very busy every day even(甚至)at the weekend!In the morning,

students get up early. Then they have a quick breakfast. Some even don't have breakfast. At school,

they have many subjects to learn. After school, their parents also let them learn many other things,

such as drawing, dancing, Chinese, playing the piano and so on. At the weekend, they also have to

learn thesethings. They can't do what they like, such as watching TV, playing games, shopping and

so on.

     And they usually do much homework. Jenifer, a middle school girl in New York, says she doesn't

want to learn so much. But her parents always say, "If you don't learn much, you will fall behind the

other students."

     In a word, all the students in the world are very busy even in the most developed (发达)

country-America.

1. When are American students busy?

A. On weekdays.                    

B. At the weekend.

C. During the holidays (假期).        

D. Every day.

2. Jenifer is _____.

A. a middle school girl in New York      

B. a middle school girl in China

C. a happy student                    

D. a bad student  

3. After school, some students still (仍然) _____.

A. have piano lessons                  

B. have dancing classes

C. learn drawing                      

D. all of the above  

4. What does "fall behind" mean in the passage?

A. 失败          

B. 掉落          

C.落后          

D. 超越

5. Which is the best title (标题) for this passage?

A. The Busy Parents.  

B. The Busy Children.  

C. The Happy Children.  

D. Study Easy

单项选择题 A1/A2型题