问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成文后各题。

惟公字天球,姓程氏。公性方重,寡言笑,凡所处画,常先虑谨备,所以条目巨细甚悉,至临事简严,僚吏莫能窥其际。尝夜张灯会五门,大集州民,而城中火起,吏如公教不以白,而随即救止。终宴,民去,始稍知火。监军得告者言军谋变,惧而入白,公笑曰:“岂有是哉?”监军惶惑不敢去,公曰:“军中动静,吾自知之,苟有谋者,不能隐也。”已而卒无事。

召为给事中,知开封府。前为府者,苦其治,或不满岁罢,不然,被谤讥,或以事去,独公居数岁。久而治益精明,盗讼稀少,狱屡空,诏书数下褒美。

为三司使。不悦苟利,不贪近功。时议者患民税多目,吏得为 * * ,欲除其名而合为一。公以谓合而没其名,一时之便,后有兴利之臣必复增之,是重困民也。议者莫能其于出入尤谨,禁中时有所取,未尝肯予。宦官怒,言陛下虽有欲,物在程某何可得!公曰:“臣所以为陛下惜尔。”天子以为然。

景祐四年,以本官参知政事。是时,元昊叛河西,朝廷多故,公在政事,补益尤多。而小人侥幸皆不便,遂以事中之,坐贬为光禄卿,知颍州。北京建,遂以为留守。宦者皇甫继明方用事,主治行宫,务广制度以恩,公为裁抑之,与继明章交上。天子遣一御史往视之,

还,直公。天子为罢继明,独委公以建都事。

其在延州,夏人数百驱畜产至界上请降,言契丹兵至衙头矣,国且乱,愿自归。公曰:“契丹兵至元昊帐下,当举国取之,岂容有来降者乎?闻夏人方捕叛族,此其是乎?不然,诱我也。”拒而不受。已而夏人果以兵数万临界上,公戒诸堡寨无得出兵,夏人以为有备,引去,自此不复窥边。

改镇安军节度使,在镇四年,犹上书愿复守边。书未,得疾,薨于陈州之正寝,享年六十有九。

(节选自欧阳修《镇安军节度使程公神道碑铭》)

小题1:对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.前为府者,苦其治剧:繁难

B.议者莫能夺:夺取

C.务广制度以恩市:求取

D.书未,得疾报:回复小题2: 下列句子中,全都表现程公治政才能的一组是(3分)

①城中火起,吏如公教不以白,而随即救止  ②军中动静,吾自知之

③久而治益精明,盗讼稀少,狱屡空        ④不悦苟利,不贪近功

⑤公在政事,补益尤多                    ⑥公为裁抑之,与继明章交上

A.①②⑥

B.②④⑤

C.①③⑤

D.③④⑥小题3:下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.程公为人刚正沉稳,不喜言笑,考虑问题条分缕析,严谨周到,大大小小措施皆备,遇到事情镇定自若,从容处置。

B.任三司使时,有人担心税目繁多,官吏会从中为 * * ,欲统而为一,程公认为此举舍本逐末,弊大于利,十分不妥。

C.任参知政事时,程公忠于职守,使得投机取巧的小人不能肆意妄为,但他也因此受到诋毁,被贬谪到颖州做知府。

D.在延州任上,几百名夏人带着畜产来归降,程公洞察实情,果断拒绝;后来夏人虽然数万兵临界上,却无功而返。小题4: 把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)其于出入尤谨,禁中时有所取,未尝肯予。(4分)

                                                                   

(2)天子遣一御史往视之,还,直公。(3分)

                                                                   

(3)闻夏人方捕叛族,此其是乎?(3分)

                                                                   

答案

小题1:B

小题2:C

小题3:B

小题4:⑴他在收支方面尤其谨慎,宫中的人经常来索取东西,都不肯给予。⑵年上派遣一位御史前往查看情况,(御史)回到朝廷,认为程公的奏议公正合理。⑶听说夏人正在捉拿叛逃的人,这大概是真的吗?

小题1:

题目分析:夺,强行改变。对文言实词意思理解的判断,应把它放到句子中去理解和判断。其上下文的具体语境是“公以谓合而没其名,一时之便,后有兴利之臣必复增之,是重困民也。议者莫能夺。”夺,具体讲成什么,就看“夺”的对象。程公认为合二为一并消除那些税目名称,只是一时方便,后来想逐利的大臣必定会又增加,这样会重新使百姓困顿。议事的大臣没有能够强行改变(他的主张)

小题2:

题目分析:本题要求筛选的是全能表现程公的治政才能,而④写程公的品性,⑥写程公与继明的斗争,都不属于“治政才能”,这样可排除ABD这三项,得出答案。

小题3:

题目分析:“舍本逐末,弊大于利”理解有误,原文说的是“一时之便,后有兴利之臣必复增之,是重困民”。

小题4:

题目分析:这几句的翻译,除了结合上下文的具体语境来理解句子的大意外,重点是要抓住各句中的关键词,从而做到规范翻译。尤谨,尤其谨慎;禁中,宫中的人;未尝肯予,都不给予。往视之,前往查看情况;直公,形容词活用,意动用法,认为……公正合理;方捕,方,正在,正在捉拿;此其是乎,其,表推测,大概,是,对的,真的,这大概是真的吗。

【参考译文】

公,字天球,姓程氏。程公禀性刚正沉稳,不苟言笑,凡是考虑谋划的问题,常常事先考虑的严谨、周到,用来解决问题的大大小小措施都很完备。在遇到事情时处理简洁而严密,手下官吏没有谁能看出其中的疏漏。曾经某个夜晚在五门张灯集会,广泛召集州民,而城中突然发生大火,官吏按照程公的教导没有告诉百姓,而随即扑救而灭了大火。直到宴会结束,老百姓离开才渐渐知道失火的事。监军从报告者那里听说军队谋划叛乱,心里害怕而进来告诉程公,程公笑着说:“哪里有这事啊?”监军心中惶恐不敢离开,程公说:“军中如果有什么动静,我自然会知道,假使真有阴谋叛乱的人,我绝不会隐瞒。”过了一段时间,最终没有事情发生。

(皇帝)召见他并任命他担任给事中,做开封府知府,先前担任知府的人,苦于哪里治理繁难,有的不到一年就离开了,不然就会遭到诽谤讥笑,有的因别的事而离职,唯独程公在哪里任职好几年。时间长了,政治就更加清明,盗窃诉讼日益减少,监狱多次空无一人,皇上多次下诏书表扬。

(程公)担任三司使,不苟且逐利,不贪求眼前功名。当时议事的大臣担心百姓税目繁多,官员会从中为 * * ,想除掉那些税目名称合二为一。程公认为合二为一并消除那些税目名称,只是一时方便,后来想逐利的大臣必定会又增加,这样会重新使百姓困顿。议事的大臣没有能够强行改变(他的主张),他在收支方面尤其谨慎,宫中的人经常来索求东西,都不肯给予。宦官很生气,说皇上即使想要什么,而东西在程某那里又怎么可以得到呢!程公说:“我之所以这样做是为陛下您珍惜啊”皇上认为他说的是对的。

景佑四年,以本官担任参知政事。这时,元昊在黄河西边发动叛乱,朝廷上又多变故,但因程公在政事,补救了好多事。而那些小人侥幸想做一些不轨的事都不方便,于是编造事情中伤程公,程公因此被贬为光禄卿,担任颍州知府。北京建都的时候,于是任命程公为留守。宦官黄甫继明正掌权,主要负责建造行宫,追求推广制度来求取恩德,程公为了制止他,和黄甫继明的奏章一并呈上。皇上派遣一名御史查看情况,(御史)回到朝廷,认为程公的奏议公正合理,皇上因此罢免了皇甫继明,唯独委托程公负责建都的事。

他在廷州的时候,几百名夏人驱赶着畜产到边界上请求归降,说契丹军队已经到了衙头,国家将要大乱,愿意归降。程公说:“契丹军队到了元昊的营帐下,此时应当全国夺取它,哪里容许有人来投降呢?听说夏人正在捉拿叛逃的人,这大概是真的吧?要不然,是敌人诱骗我啊。”拒绝没有接受,不久,夏人果然率领几万兵力到边界上,程公告诫各个营寨不得出兵,夏人认为有准备,就率兵离开了,从此不再偷袭边境。

改任镇安军节度使,在任四年,还上书请求再次守边,奏章还没得到回复,生病,死于陈州的家中,享年69岁。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Bill Clinton was born on August 19, 1946 in a town called Hope, with the birth name William Jefferson

Blythe. His birth father died in a car accident just three months before his birth. When he was born, his

mother sent him to live with his grandparents because she couldn't possibly support a child by herself. He

lived with his grandparents for two years while his mother was away at a nursing school in New Orleans,

trying to advance her career. When Bill was four, his mother returned to Hope, where she met and married

Roger Clinton Sr. A few years later, Bill and his family moved to Hot Springs, where Bill attended school.

When he was nine years old, he changed schools and went to Ramble Elementary.

     When Bill was ten, Roger Clinton Jr. was born, and at age fifteen, Bill took his stepfather's last name in

hopes of helping his mother's troubled relationship. While Bill was growing up in Hot Springs, the town was

troubled by gambling (赌博), but Bill had little contact with this part of society despite his parents' frequent

participation (参与) in these illegal practices. As time went by, his mother's relationship with Roger Clinton

Sr. became more and more unstable. His parents often separated. In high school, Bill was a member of the

band, student government, honor society and many other organizations. One summer at a political summer

camp called Boys State, Bill ran for delegate (代表) to Boys Nation. He won this election and was on his way

to Washington to meet John F. Kennedy, the president. Bill said of his victory, "I didn't know if I could win

a race like that...". After that, Bill became determined to enter politics.

1. William Jefferson Blythe moved to Hot Springs _______.

A. when he was born

B. before he was nine years old

C. when his mother remarried

D. when he was two

2. Bill Clinton once stayed in the following places EXCEPT _______.

A. the town of Hope

B. the nursing school in New Orleans

C. Hot Springs

D. Ramble Elementary

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Roger Clinton Sr. was always kind to Bill and his mother.

B. Bill Clinton was once called William Jefferson Blythe before 15.

C. Bill' s mother and stepfather were interested in gambling.

D. Roger Clinton Jr. was Bill Clinton's half brother.

4. It can be learned from the passage that _______.

A. Bill wanted to be a president while studying at school

B. Boys Nation was a political summer camp

C. members of Boys State could see the president

D. Bill decided to enter politics after meeting John F. Kennedy