问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

     It is sometimes said that English is English and that there are no differences between different kinds of

English, but this is not the case. American English is in general quite different from UK English. The main

differences relate to the use of certain words and to spelling. American English is much more phonetic(与发音近似的)than UK English and in American English a 'z' or a 'c' is often used where an 's' would be

used in British English.

     Words can vary in different types of English as well. An "estate agent" in UK English is someone who

works in "real estate" in American English. British people talk of "rubbish" while the Americans call this

"garbage". The UK people have "bins", but the Americans have "dumpsters".

     The differences between these ways of using English make translating works into English a difficult

business. There are translation tools available on the Internet, but these can often translate words in a very direct way and the end result is a sentence that has lost its meaning.

    The best way of translating any written piece of work into the English language is to first decide what

kind of English you want the piece to be translated into. For example, if it is for a British market, then use

the UK English. For the best result, always use some kind of spelling and grammar checker so you can

make sure that you are using the proper terms, spelling and vocabulary.

1. Which of the following statements would the writer most probably agree with? 

A. UK English is much more phonetic than American English.

B. There are differences between different kinds of English.

C. American English is different from British English only in spelling.

D. It's easier to learn British English than to learn American English.

2. The underlined word "vary" in Paragraph 2 means "______".

A. change

B. argue

C. replace

D. compare

3. It is implied in Paragraph 3 that ______.

A. works translated into English will surely lose their meanings

B. we should never translate words into English in a direct way

C. translating works into English is not difficult

D. online translation tools are not so useful

4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. The advantages of using a spelling and grammar checker.

B. The differences between British English and American English.

C. What we should do when translating something into English.

D. When we should use British English or American English.

答案

1-4: BADC

材料题

阅读下列材料:     

材料一  素以尊重传统、崇尚中庸的英吉利民族中,极端道路往往是行不通的。……光荣革命吸取了40年代革命和1660年“复辟解决”两方面的教训,既摒弃了无限制的斗争,又避免了无原则的调和……它遏止了1661年后出现的君主专制主义趋势,根本改变了英国政治制度的发展方向,同时又没有割断历史,超越传统。                            

——程汉大《英国政治制度史》(中国社会科学出版社)

材料二  1746年,乔治二世听取了卡特赖特勋爵和威廉?普特尼的意见,否决了由配兰(时任内阁首相)提出的任命威廉?皮特为国防大臣的建议。配兰等人毫不退让,于2月10日带领全体阁员和其他非阁员大臣集体辞职。乔治二世恼羞成怒,当时就任命巴思伯爵为财政大臣,受命组阁。巴思伯爵不是下院议员,又缺少一位能帮助他控制下院多数的得力助手,很难得到下院的必要支持。……他总共只当了两天“首相”,在英国近代政治史上创下了一个新记录。……乔治二世面临政治危机,只好再请配兰等人复职。                                    ——阎照祥《英国政治制度史》(人民出版社) 

材料三  其主要内容有:一是重新分配议席,下议院议席分配将郡议员人数由188席增加至253席,市代表由465席减至399席,取消“衰败选区”(人口减少、经济落后地区),减少一些选区的议席,人口增加的选区议席增多,新兴工业城市取得较多议席。其具体规定是:人口不足2000人的56个城镇被取消了下院议席,人口在2000——4000人之间的31个城市只能保留一个议席……                                           ——陈敏昭《英国议会制度及其改革》

请回答:

(1)材料一中“根本改变了英国政治制度发展方向”指的是什么?据材料一分析英国政治制度发生根本改变的原因。

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(2)据材料二归纳英国责任内阁制的基本原则,说明英国政坛出现危机的政治根源。

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(3)据材料三概括1832年英国议会改革的主要内容,这一改革内容有何积极影响?

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(4)纵观近四个世纪以来英国政治制度的演变,你能得出哪些启示?

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填空题