问题 问答题

如图,质量为M=1kg,绝缘凹槽B静止放置在光滑水平面上,凹槽内长d=1m,槽内左端静止放置一质量m=1kg,大小可忽略的带正电小物体A,电量为q=1×10-4C,物体与凹槽滑动摩擦系数为0.2,t=0时刻起,在空间加上E=6×104N/C的水平向右的匀强磁场,设物体与凹槽相碰瞬间前后二者速度交换,求:

(1)物块与凹槽壁第一次相碰瞬间速度各为多少?

(2)物块在凹槽内滑行过程中二者速度第一次相等的时刻;物块与凹槽第二次相碰后瞬间撤去电场,求物块和凹槽的最终速度.

答案

(1)A与B相撞之前对A进行受力分析得:qE-μmg=ma1

得:a1=

qE-μmg
m
=
1×10-4×6×104-0.2×1×10
1
m/s2=4m/s2

设A的位移为s,则:s=

1
2
a1
t21

对B:μmg=Ma2

得:a2=

μmg
M
=
0.2×1×10
1
m/s2=2m/s2

又:s-d=

1
2
a2
t21

代入数据得:t1=1s;s=

1
2
×4×12=2m.

A的速度:vA1=a1t1=4×1m/s=4m/s

B的速度:vB1=a2t1=2×1m/s=2m/s;

(2)由题意物体与凹槽相碰瞬间前后二者速度交换,则:vA2=vB1=2m/s;vB2=vA1=4m/s.

由于B的速度等于A的速度,所以A加速,B减速,设经过时间t2二者的速度相等,则:

vA2+a1t2=vB2-a2t2

代入数据解得:t2=

1
3
s

物块在凹槽内滑行过程中二者速度第一次相等的时刻:t=t1+t2=1s+

1
3
s≈1.33s

从第一次碰撞到速度相同的过程中,A的位移:x1=vA2t2+

1
2
a2
t22
=2×
1
3
+
1
2
×4×(
1
3
)2=
8
9
m

B的位移:x2=vB2t2-

1
2
a2
t22
=4×
1
3
-
1
2
×2×(
1
3
)2=
11
9
m

它们 位移差:△x=x2-x1=

11
9
-
8
9
=
2
9
m

此时:vA3=vA2+a1t2=2+4×

1
3
=
10
3
m/s=vB3

此后物体A与B都做匀加速直线运动,当A的位移比B的位移大△x时,A与B再次碰撞,该过程的时间:t3

则:x3=vA3t3+

1
2
a1
t23

x4=vB3+

1
2
a2
t23

又:x3-x4=△x=

2
9
m ⑥

联立③④⑤⑥得:t3=

2
3
s

此时A的速度:vA4=vA3+a1t3=

10
3
+
4
2
3
m/s

B的速度:vB4=vB3+a2t3=

10
3
+
2
2
3
m/s

撤去电场后,相同在水平方向不受外力的作用系统的动量守恒.

由动量守恒定律得:mvA4+MvB4=(M+m)v

代入数据得:v=(

10
3
+
2
)m/s

答:(1)物块与凹槽壁第一次相碰瞬间速度各为4m/s和2m/s;

(2)物块在凹槽内滑行过程中二者速度第一次相等的时刻是1.33s;物块与凹槽第二次相碰后瞬间撤去电场,物块和凹槽的最终速度是v=(

10
3
+
2
)m/s.

单项选择题 共用题干题
完形填空

第二节:根据对话内容,从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白出的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。满分10分

—Good afternoon.My name is Peter.I’m the general manager of the personnel department.I’ll be interviewing you.Please sit down.

     1    , Peter.My name’s Jon.Jon Smash.

—Well, Jon, it’s a pleasure to meet you.         2          .

—I’ve been a manager at Nike for over three years.I won manager of the year award two years ago, and I got promoted last August.

—OK.Tell me about yourself…your personality.

—        3        .I think before I act, and if something goes wrong in our company I always remain calm.I never scream at my employees.And I’ve never lost my temper.

           4           ?

—I think I’m good at solving problems         5      .I also love challenges.I work well under pressure.When my boss pushes me to finish a project early I always get it done and never complain.

—Jon, you seem like a very good manager.I like your ambition.You’re very confident and motivated.We like that here at Microsoft.Well, our interview is over……

A.I’m glad it’s you who will offer me the opportunity to get the job

B.I enjoy approaching problems directly

C.Nice to meet you

D.What are your strengthsE.I owe my success to my employees

F.Tell me about your work experience

G.I think I’m very level-headed