问题 综合

石漠化是温暖湿润的气候条件下和岩溶及其发育的自然背景下,受人为活动干扰,地表植被遭受破坏导致土壤严重流失,基岩大面积裸露或砾石堆积的土地退化现象。贵州山区农村薪柴比例占生活能源比重较大。图甲为贵州石漠化面积百分比,表为山区坡度与土层厚度及侵蚀状况关系,图乙为贵州某小区域农业生产布局新颖模式图。完成下列各题。(13分)

表: 山区坡度与土层厚度及侵蚀状况关系表

坡度100——15°15°——25°25°——35°     >35°
有机质厚度(cm)2016136
土层厚度(cm)1008274<30
土壤侵蚀量(t/k㎡a-1285315011700>32000
(1)依据图甲和表中信息,归纳石漠化与地形高度、坡度之间的关系并分析原因。(6分)

(2)图乙中显示该地区发展沼气是解决农村生活能源的重要措施。说明该地农村发展沼气对山区农业生态环境的有利影响。(3分)

(3)分析图乙中大力建设水利设施的原因。(4分)

答案

(1)海拔大于1000米的地区,水土流失比例大于海拔小于1000米的地区;地形坡度越大,有机质含量越小,土层越薄,越容易发生石漠化。因为海拔越高,降水量和降雨强度越大;地形坡度越大,土层厚度越薄,地表径流速度越快,地表径流量越大,对地表冲刷越大,越容易石漠化。(6分)

(2)改善农村生态环境;减少植被砍伐,可以减少石漠化;沼渣沼液恢复保持土壤肥力;提高能源利用率(3分)

(3)地形起伏大;喀斯特地貌,地表水缺乏,容易渗漏;土层浅薄,保水能力弱;季风气候区,降水集中,季节变化大;农业生产和生活的需要。(4分)

题目分析:

据图可知:海拔1000米以上,石漠化面积比例越大,主要是受地形抬升降水量和降水强度增大,坡度越大,地表径流速度快,流水侵蚀越强;导致土壤严重流失,石漠化越严重。

该地农村发展沼气对山区农业生态环境的有利影响可从对农业生态环境的改善和提高能源利用率来分析。

图乙中大力建设水利设施可结合贵州气候、地形特征、水资源状况和农业生产等方面来分析。

完形填空
下面是5个中学生遇到的难题和某报专栏编辑给他们的建议。请将问题与建议配对。
(  )71. Sometimes I get angry easily and shout at my friends. That makes them think I’m not friendly to them.
(  )72. In my teachers’ eyes, I am a good student. Both my classmates and my parents also think so. No one knows what my problem is. I often feel worried about my schoolwork.
(  )73. My parents never allow me to play computer games at all. They want me to study all day and do well in my exams. I feel unhappy.
(  )74. I want to join in some after-school activities, but my parents think they are too dangerous and don’t allow me to go out alone.
(  )75. My mother gets me to take piano lessons. She makes it a rule that I must practice two hours a day. I really try my best, but I just can’t play well.
A. Let your parents know you will not be alone. Also, you can ask a teacher to talk to your parents about the after-school activities.
B. Don’t worry. You can still have some indoor sports. They are also fun.
C. Don’t worry, even great piano players have to practice. Hard work and a lot of practice are the only way to become a good piano player.
D. When you feel angry you should stop talking and count from one to ten or walk away until you keep quiet.
E. Tell your friends how you are feeling. You are in a new class, but you still need their friendship. Also, you can make new friends.
F. Don’t worry. Everybody worries about their schoolwork, even those students like you who study well. Find a hobby or a sport to help you relax for a while.
G. Tell your parents that many kids play computer games and do well at school, too. Ask them to let you play computer games for a short time on weekends.
单项选择题