问题 问答题

简述真动知觉与似动知觉的异同。

答案

参考答案:

(1)含义 

真动知觉是由真正运动引起的知觉。真正运动是指物体按特定速度或加速度,从一处向另一处作连续的位移。似动知觉是指在一定时间和空间条件下,人们在静上的物体间看到了运动,或者在没有连续位移的地方,看到了连续的运动而引起的知觉。 

(2)机同点 

①真动知觉与似动知觉者使人看到了物体的运动,两者都属于运动知觉。 

②所受影响相同。二者都受一系列因素的影响,如刺激物的照明和持续时间、视野中有无参照点的存在、目标离观察者的距离、知觉者的特点等。 

(3)赵动知觉与似动知觉的不同点 

①引起真动知觉与似动知觉的原因不同。真动知觉直接信赖于对象运动的速度。物体运动的速度太慢,或单位时间内物体位移的距离太小,都不能使人产生运动知觉,物体运动的速度太快,超过一定限度,人们只有看到弥温性的闪烁。似动知觉与物体的真正运动无关,它不是由于物全位置的变化引起的冲动。 

②似动的形式更加多样化。主要形式有:动景运动、诱发运动、自主运动、运动后效。动景运动是当两具刺源物按一定空间间隔和时间间隔相继时,人们就会看到从一个刺激物向另外一个刺激物连续运动的现象;诱发运动是由于一个物体的运动使其相邻的一个静止的物体产生过动的印象;运动后效是指当人们注视朝一个朋向运动的物体之后,如果将注视点转向静止的物体,就会静止的物体似乎朝相反的主和运动的现象。

填空题
阅读理解

B

In today's fast paced, high stress world people are working longer hours than ever, and often exhaust themselves at.day's end in front, of the television to relax enough to begin again in the morning.However, television watching, for most people, does not really lower stress.Studies show that TV viewing more than an hour or so actually creates stress and, especially in women, may lead to the blues.Most individuals are unaware that doing some exercise after work makes them more energetic since it increases energy levels.

Wise use of free time does not mean getting an advanced degree, although the mental encouragement gained through education is unbeatable in keeping your mind active.Learning new things nearly always adds a spark to your daily life, especially if it is a favorite topic, such as sport, fashion, or art.Also, look through your bookstore or library to find books on your interests.Try to replace a half hour TV watching with reading.

Itis reported that in the United States recently, many individuals have as few as two good friends.Long work hours and car commute act to separate people from each other.This separation is deadly.Find ways to meet people at the end of the day and on weekends.Often this can be best done by combining activities, such as by joining a walking group to get both exercise and companionship.Taking a class will lift your spirits and allow you to meet others with similar interests.Hobbies are great for reducing stress and provide another opportunity for social interaction.

Using your free time to aid your health may include these elements and many more, such as going to concerts and spending time with family.Overall, the key is to spend less free time being passive.The best ways to use free time are to be mentally and physically active, spend some time outdoors, and interact with other people on a regular basis.

60.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Watching television may cause women to feel depressed.

B.Finding interests and hobbies in common means taking a class.

C.Going to concerts is the best way to make you mentally active.

D.Getting an advanced degree in education always lights up your life.

61.What does the underlined word "commute" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.The arrangement to work every day.   B.The journey to work every day

C.The communication between people.   D.The separation between people

62.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A.Live a Happy and Healthy Life    B.Relax Yourself in Various Ways

C.Spend Your Free Time Wisely       D.Interact With Others Outdoors