阅读下列材料

材料一　日本侵略者用活人做靶子，练习刺刀   

材料二　据报载，日本“新的历史教科书编撰会”（下称“编撰会”）编写的2002年度初中历史教科书中，在记述“日中战争”的部分，编撰者故意不提南京大屠杀事件，而在“远东国际军事法庭审判”部分却这样写道：“东京审判法庭认定日本军队1937年在攻陷南京的战争斗中杀害了20万以上的中国民众。可是据当时的资料，那时南京人口只有20万，而且在日本军队攻陷南京城1个月后增加到了25万。此外，这一事件还有很多疑问，至今仍存在争论。因为在战争当中即便是不管什么人都杀，也不属于大屠杀。”

──新华社东京3月1日电讯稿

材料三　2001年至2006年，日本首相小泉曾六次参拜的东京靖国神社。靖国神社里供奉着东条英机等14名二战甲级战犯和约2000名乙、丙级战犯的牌位。

──中新网

材料四

材料五 争取抗战胜利的中心关键，在使已经发动的抗战发展为全面的全民族抗战。只有这种全面的全民族抗战，才能使抗战得到最后的胜利。

——《关于目前形势与党的任务的决定》

材料六 帝国所以向美英两国宣战，实亦为……东亚之安定而出此。……自交战以来，……战局并未好转，世界大势亦不利于我。加之敌方最近使用残酷之炸弹，频杀无辜，惨害所及，真未可逆料。……此朕所以饬令帝国政府接受联合公告者也。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　——《日本天皇停战诏书》

材料七  我们中国人民，半个世纪以来受尽了日本帝国主义的欺凌……现在这个万恶的敌人，已被中、苏、美、英的联合力量所打倒了。……这的确是我中 * * 百年来未有的大事，值得全国同胞的热烈庆祝。

——1945年9月5日《解放日报》社论《庆祝抗战最后胜利》

请回答：

（1）假如你要结合材料一、二、三和所了解的知识，写一篇对南京大屠杀遇难同胞的纪念性文章，文章应包含哪些方面内容？

（2）结合所学知识，试从政治、军事两个方面论证材料五的观点。

（3）依据材料四、五、六，分析中国抗日战争胜利的主要原因和次要原因。

（4）抗日战争的胜利是“我中 * * 百年来未有的大事”。结合材料七和所学知识，分析抗战胜利的历史意义？      

阅读理解

     New coins are coming out all the time. And did you know that the United States Mint makes some

coins to collect rather than spend? One collecting kind is called "commemorative"-coins that honor

famous people, places, and events. If you have coins to spend, those are called "circulating" coins.

     2008 American Bald Eagle Coins celebrated an American success story: the bald eagle (秃头鹰).

Congress passed an act to recognize the eagle, its importance as a national symbol,and its return from

near extinction (灭绝) in the lower 48 states. The series celebrated the eagle's recovery as well as the

35th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which had helped in the recovery.

     The Founding Fathers chose the bald eagle as the Great Seal of the United States at the Second

Continental Congress in 1782. Ever since, this bird has represented the spirit of freedom and democracy.  The eagle also appears on the seals of many branches and departments of the United States

government.

     The bald eagle is a major symbol of democracy, standing for American values like freedom, courage,

and strength. It has appeared in American art, music, history, literature, and culture. So, the bald eagle is

very important to the United States.

     This once?endangered species, unique to North America, is now making a gradual comeback. 

 Classified as "endangered" in 1973 under the Endangered Species Act, this eagle was later moved to

the less endangered "threatened" list, thanks to the law, caring people and organizations.

     The bald eagle will probably be removed from the "threatened species" list, but the eagle won't be

"out of the woods" just yet. Wildlife agencies will need to keep an eye on the eagle for at least 5 years

after it's taken off the list. Part of the surcharge (额外费用) on the bald eagle coins can be used to help

this work.

1. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. The United States Mint.

B. American commemorative coins.

C. The bald eagle coins and the bald eagle.

D. The living habits of the bald eagle.

2. According to the text, commemorative coins are_______.

A. mainly made to spend

B. used to remember the bald eagle

C. often in honor of famous people, places, and events

D. not popular with collectors

3. Which of the following is one of the reasons why 2008 American Bald Eagle Coins were made?

A. The Endangered Species Act being passed.

B. The request of many coin collectors.

C. The decision of the Founding Fathers.

D. The recovery of the bald eagle.

4. What can be inferred from the text?

A. The bald eagle has a great effect on Americans.

B. The bald eagle is unique to the United States.

C. The bald eagle is still near extinction.

D. The bald eagle will soon be out of people's sight.