问题 单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下列问题。
汉字究竟起源于何时呢我认为,这可以以西安半坡村遗址距今的年代为指标。半坡遗址的年代,距今有6000年左右。我认为,这也就是汉字发展的历史。
半坡遗址是新石器时代仰韶文化的典型,以红质黑纹的彩陶为其特征。其后的龙山文化,则以薄质坚硬的黑陶为其特征。值得注意的是:半坡彩陶上每每有一些类似文字的简单刻画,和器物上的花纹判然不同。黑陶上也有这种刻画,但为数不多。刻画的意义至今虽尚未阐明,但无疑是具有文字性质的符号厂如花押或者族徽之类。我国后来的器物上,无论是陶器、铜器或者其他成品,有“物勒工名”的传统,特别是殷代的青铜上有一些表示族徽的刻画文字,和这些符号极为相类似。由后以例前,也就如由黄河下游以溯源于星宿海,彩陶上的那些刻画符号,可以肯定地说就是我国文字的起源,或者是我国原始文字的孑遗。
同样值得注意的是彩陶上的花纹。结构虽然简单,而笔触颇为精巧,具有引人的魅力。其中有些绘画,如人形、人面形、人着长衫形、鱼形、兽形、鸟形、草木形、轮形(或以为太阳)等等,画得颇为得心应手,看来显然在使用柔软形的笔了。有人以为这些绘画是当时的象形文字,其说不可靠。当时是应该有象形文字的,但这些图形,就其部位而言,确是花纹,而不是文字。
在陶器上既有类似文字的刻画,又有使用颜料和柔软形的笔所绘画的花纹,不可能否认在别的质地上,如竹木之类,已经在用笔来书写初步的文字:只是这种质地是容易毁灭的,在今天很难有实物保留下来。如果在某种情况之下,幸运的还有万一的保留,那就有待于考古工作的进一步发掘和幸运的发现了。
总之,在我看来,彩陶和黑陶上的刻画符号应该是汉字的原始阶段。创造它们的是劳动人民,形式是草率急就的。
(节选自郭沬若《古代文字之辩证的发展》)

第二自然段中加点的“由后以例前”的意思是______。

A.根据以前的来类推后来的

B.由后来的规范以前的

C.由以前的来规范后来的

D.根据后来的来类推以前的

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 从后来器物“物勒工名”的传统推断,半坡彩陶上的刻画符号就是中国文字的起源。由此可知,“由后以例前”的“例”应该是“类推”,因此D项符合要求。A和C两项“前”“后”颠倒了,显然不合要求;B项“规范”与后面解说不一致,在全句中也讲不通。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A snow leopard roars in the high mountains of Asia. A black rhinoceros gallops across the plains of Africa.

A grizzly bear hunts for fish in a North American river. A mother blue whale and her calf glide through the

deep waters of the ocean.

     All of these animals share the Earth with us. They fascinate us with their beauty, their grace, and their

speed. We love observing their behavior, and learning more about their habits. But just loving them is not

enough. All of these animals are endangered. Many of them have died, and without special care, they may

someday disappear from the Earth.

     Why is it important to care for animals like these?One reason is to protect the balance of life on Earth.

Another reason is the beauty of the animals themselves. Each species of animal is special. Africa was once

filled with an abundance of wild animals. But that is changing fast. One of these animals, the black rhinoceros,

lives on the plains of Africa. It has very poor eyesight and a very bad temper!Even though the black rhino is

powerful, and can be dangerous, its strength can't always help it to escape hunters. Some people think that the

rhino's horn has magical powers, and many hunters kill rhinos for their valuable horns. This has caused the

black rhino to be placed on the endangered species list.

     The elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa. It once had no natural enemies, but is

now endangered-killed for its ivory tusks.

      The fastest land animal, the cheetah, also lives in Africa. It,too, is becoming extinct as people take over

more and more of the land that is the cheetah's natural habitat.

      Imagine Africa without the powerful rhino, the gentle, intelligent elephant, or the lightning quick cheetah.

Once they are gone, they are gone forever.

1. The best title for this passage would be "______".

A. Do what we can

B. Gone forever

C. Help animals

D. Live or die

2. Why has the black rhino been placed on the endangered list according to the passage?

A. Because its eyesight is poor and its temper is bad.

B. Because it has a horn.

C. Because it is believed that its horn has magical power.

D. Because people think it is powerful and dangerous.

3. Which of the following does NOT support the main idea of the article?

A. Ocean-dwelling animals are in danger of extinction as well.

B. Beautiful birds like the great green macaw are also becoming extinct.

C. Wherever people are careless about the land, there are endangered species.

D. The elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa.

4. How does the writer feel about the fate of endangered animals?

A. Disinterested.

B. Concerned.

C. Optimistic.

D. Confused.

单项选择题 A1/A2型题