问题 多项选择题 案例分析题

患者男性,61岁,间断腹痛、便血伴发热5年,加重1月。

提问3:[体检结果]T37.5℃,R18次/分,P90次/分,BP110/70mmHg。消瘦,BMI18kg/m2,浅表淋巴结未触及明显肿大,心、肺查体正常。腹部平软,右下腹麦氏点压痛,无反跳痛和肌紧张,肝脾肋下未及,无移动性浊音,肠鸣音6次/分,无气过水声和高调肠鸣音。根据体检结果,应重点排除的疾病为()。

A.肠结核

B.阑尾炎

C.克罗恩病

D.自身免疫病

E.淋巴瘤

F.结肠穿孔

答案

参考答案:A, C, D, E

解析:

1.患者为中年男性,慢性病程,病程相对较长,以腹痛、便血伴发热为主要症状。根据患者的主要症状,首先应定位于消化系统疾病。

需要考虑以下几类常见疾病:

①肠道感染性疾病,如慢性细菌性痢疾、阿米巴肠炎、肠结核等;

②非感染性炎症,如溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病等;

③肠道肿瘤性疾病,如大肠癌、淋巴瘤等。其次需要考虑全身疾病的消化道受累,如结缔组织病、系统性血管炎、缺血性肠病等等。

2.通过问诊可明确,患者的病史迁延,以反复腹痛、发热为主要症状,病程中曾出现一次下消化道出血。发热与腹痛有着紧密的伴随关系。发热多为高热,伴有盗汗、体重下降。病程反复发作,每次经抗生素治疗有一定疗效。上述病史首先提示患者的病变部位在下消化道,病变的性质由于病程较长、对抗生素治疗有一定的反应,故首先考虑炎症性的疾病可能。但因发热、消耗症状存在,不能除外恶性疾病。应在体格检查时注意外周淋巴结、腹部查体有无压痛、反跳痛,压痛的部位、是否存在腹部包块、肠鸣音是否正常等。

3.体格检查结果提示:患者病程慢性消耗状态,因此BMI下降。右下腹麦氏点压痛,结合病史中提供外院结肠镜结果,可以判断病变部位在回盲部可能性大。回盲部的病变导致临床以腹痛、发热、便血为主要表现的,如果按发病率的高低排序,应该考虑如下疾病的可能:肠结核、克罗恩病、自身免疫病、淋巴瘤等。

4.从上述检查结果中可以明确:

①病变的部位:位于末段小肠(五、六组)及升结肠;

②炎症指标如ESR、CRP均明显升高;

③实验室检查(PPD)、影像学检查(胸片、腹部CT)及组织学活检(抗酸染色)无明确结核病的提示。通过上述结果,需进一步结合临床进行的诊断和鉴别诊断。在我国目前回盲部的病变仍以肠结核为主,但该患者无明确结核接触史,无肠外结核如肺结核证据,PPD阴性,病史长达5年,组织学活检无明确结核证据,因此分析肠结核可能性小。其次需要考虑的是肠淋巴瘤,淋巴瘤的临床表现多种多样,如出血、消化道穿孔、发热、消耗症状等,个别患者也可病史较长,临床与克罗恩病鉴别很困难,主要依赖于病理组织学诊断,必要时可重复活检,加做免疫组化甚至基因重排等,根据前述信息也基本可排除淋巴瘤。该患者最可能的诊断为克罗恩病。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A man with a green bag walked into a doctor's room. "Please sit down. Open your mouth and put out

your tongue," the doctor said. "Ok. You can close your mouth now. It is clear something is wrong with

you. You have to do more exercise." "But, doctor", the man said. "I don't think…" "Don't tell me what you

think," the doctor said." I am the doctor, not you. I know what you need. I see hundreds of people like you.

None of them get any exercise. They sit in offices all day and in front of the TV in the evening. What you

need is to walk quickly for at least 30 minutes a day." "Doctor, you don't understand," the man said. "I…."

"I don't want to hear any excuses," the doctor said. "You must find it time for exercise. If you don't, you

will get fat and have health problems when you are older." "But I walk every day" the man said. "oh, yes,

and I know what kind of walking that is. You walk a few meters to the train station from your house, a few

more meters from the station to your office, and a few more meters from your office to a restaurant for

lunch and back." "Please listen to me," the man shouted, getting angry." I am a mailman," the man continued.

"I walk for seven hours every day and I come to send letters." For a moment, the doctor said nothing, and

then he said slowly, "Put out your tongue again, will you?"

1. What's the color of the man's bag? [ ]

A. Black

B. Green

C. Blue

D. Yellow

2. What did the doctor ask the man first to do when he came in? [ ]

A. To put down his bag

B. To sit down

C. To open his mouth

D. To close his mouth

3. The doctor thought           . [ ]

A. the man was too fat and too old

B. the man was lazy and ate too much

C. there was nothing wrong with the man

D. most of his patients needed enough exercise

4. The mailman sends letters            every day.[ ]

A. on foot

B. by bike

C. by car

D. by bus

5. Which of the following is true? [ ]

A. The doctor do exercise every day

B. The man walked a long way to the station

C. The man got angry with the doctor

D. The doctor gave the mailman some medicine

单项选择题 B1型题