问题 问答题

(26分)阅读材料,完成下列要求。敦煌莫高窟是中华文化宝库中的艺术瑰宝,也是著名的世界文化遗产。材料一近年来,莫高窟游客逐年增长,2012年全年接待游客量达到80万人次。旅游旺季时,平均每天游客量逾4000人次,最多时约7000人次,而其最佳游客承载量在3000人次以内。大量游客进入洞窟,二氧化碳长时间滞留,窟内空气湿度增大,温度上升,侵蚀壁画和彩塑;加之长期的风化和氧化作用,莫高窟壁画和彩塑正在缓慢退化。材料二为了更好地保护和利用莫高窟文化遗产,敦煌研究院联合高校、研究机构、科技企业进行了一系列科技创新:建立了综合防沙体系;研发了无线传感环境检测分析系统,开发了十亿级像素数字相机系统,形成了包括前期摄影采集、后期图像处理、虚拟漫游等环节在内的数字处理系统等。随着这些科技创新成果的应用,莫高窟自然环境得到改善,壁画、彩塑等图像采集取得进展。不久的将来,世界各国人民除了实地参观莫高窟外,还能在互联网上便捷地欣赏3D效果的“数字莫高窟”,随时随地地感受莫高窟文化艺术的无穷魅力。

结合材料一,用对立统一观点分析如何处理敦煌莫高窟文化遗产的保护和利用的关系。(14分)

答案

参考答案:任何事物都包含着矛盾。矛盾双方既对立又统一,在一定条件下相互转化。(3分) 游客增多加大了敦煌莫高窟文化遗产保护的压力,若限制客流会影响利用的效益,但合理利用和科学保护是能够相互促进的。(4分)应坚持“两点论”和“重点论”相统一,具体问题具体分析分析,(3分)从实际出发,探索莫高窟文化遗产保护和利用有机结合的途径和方法,在有效保护的前提下利用,在合理利用中保护。(4分)

单项选择题
阅读理解

Reading comprehension.

     Many experts complain that media too often take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech (纳

米技术). Reports of nanotech often refer to K. Eric Drexler's book Engines of Creations, which predicts an

age full of dominant molecular (分子的) manufacturing and a world without material scarcity. Whatever

humans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-replicating machines (微细自我复制机) that

put atoms together to create copies of anything alive in the world-from trees to human bodies.

     In fact, the scientific community is deeply divided over whether self-replication machines are possible. If

they are, major dangers could exist. Mr. Drexler himself thought that self-replicating machines could probably

go out of control. He writes in his book that man-made "plants" with "leaves no more efficient than today's solar

cells could win over real plants,crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable to be eaten. Tough 'bacteria'

could be more competitive than the real bacteria: They could spread everywhere, replicate swiftly, and reduce

the earth to dust in a matter of days."

     Critics of nanotech have made use of such images, calling for a delay on commercial nanotech until

regulations are established. They also point to the possible military uses of nanotech. Bill Joy, the co-founder of

Sun Microsystems, wrote in a Wired magazine essay in 2000 that if nanotech falls into the wrong hands, it could

bring dangers to society.

     Opponents say Mr. Joy is overreacting. "In a way, calling for bans on research into molecular manufacturing

is like calling for a delay on faster-than-light travel because no one is doing it," says Glenn Reynolds, a University

of Tennessee law professor.

     Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotech, but in ways the government would regulate

any products that could be dangerous. Export controls and certification systems for nanotech companies are

examples. US lawmakers have put forth four bills on nanotech research and development.

1. K. Eric Drexler in his book predicts a future world with sufficient material, because _____.

A. man-made plants could replace real plants and grow more quickly

B. plants produced by nanotech would be as efficient as today's solar cells

C. man-made bacteria would be widespread and capable of self-replicating

D. humans could create copies of anything alive with high technology

2. To call for a delay on commercial nanotech, critics of nanotech make use of _____.

A. current social problems

B. science fiction descriptions

C. disagreements in the scientific community

D. the fact that no one is doing molecular manufacturing

3. Opponents of Bill Joy would NOT agree to _____.

A. control nanotech export

B. ban nanotech research to avoid any possible dangers

C. put forth bills on nanotech research and development

D. establish a certification system for annotech companies

4. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A. Nanotech should not be put into wrong use in the military field.

B. The government should regulate products that could be dangerous.

C. Nanotech regulations should be established in spite of the divided opinions.

D. The media should not take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech.