问题 选择题

下图为我国各地的传统民居景观。读图回答下列各题。

小题1:有关图中建筑特点与地理环境的关系,叙述正确的是

A.①-光照充足,利于采光通风

B.②-雨热同期,防潮耐腐排水

C.③-人口密集,便于生活居住

D.④-长幼有序,体现传统文化小题2:上述民居建筑风格最能体现地域文化的开放性特点的是

A.①

B.②

C.③

D.④

答案

小题1:B   

小题2:C

题目分析:

小题1:①位于热带雨林气候区,降水多,房顶有坡度,易于排水,这里热量光照充足,不用考虑采光的问题,A错。②位于温带季风气候区,雨热同期,夏季潮湿多雨,房屋通风尖顶,有利于防潮排水,B对。③位于热带、亚热带季风气候区,降水多,从图上可以看到是多层建筑,当时主要用于防匪、防涝及居住,不只是为了便于生活居住,C错。④是客家人在不断迁徙过程中创造的,主要为了抵御外敌和防范当地人欺生,也体现了一种和谐的文化,D错。

小题2:从图片上看,开平雕楼造型别致,明显特色是中西合壁的民居,雕楼顶部及四角的圆顶风格,是拜占庭式建筑风格,其它还有古希腊、古罗马及伊斯兰等风格多种。其它都是中国式的建筑风格, 所以③最能体现地域文化开放性的特点。C对。A、B、D错。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成1——4题。

动人心弦的绝唱

苇 川

  那只德国种的褐色芙蓉鸟,来我家有六七年了,和它一起来的还有一只日本种黄芙蓉。它俩都有一副美妙甜润的歌喉,时常一起歌唱。但在一次沐浴时,那只日本芙蓉被浇花的喷壶给呛死了,那是2003年的悲剧。

  德国种老鸟那时还年轻,可能是目睹了兄弟死去的惨景,从此除了吃喝一声不响,我们怀疑它是不是得了忧郁症。为不让它太寂寞,我又领回了现在这只日本种小黄鸟。它像个傻乎乎憨厚的小伙子,到了家就直着嗓子大叫。老鸟对它的出现毫不理会,一年半中老鸟没有正眼看过小鸟,如果放在一起,老鸟就会狠狠地啄咬小鸟,尽管小鸟用各种啼声对它献媚,老鸟仍然深深地沉浸在对老伙伴的思念中。

  小鸟会回应我们的呼叫,老鸟不会。我们一直以为它哑巴了。

  妹妹从美国回家时认为我们冷落了老鸟,在我们热情地叫“小鸟、小鸟”时,她总是蹲在老鸟的笼子旁,一遍遍地叫着“老鸟、老鸟”。一天,老鸟用沙哑的嗓音,“叽”的一声回应了妹妹的呼唤,打开了封闭一年半的喉咙。我们欢呼雀跃,每天鼓励它、叫它,它的声音越来越响。结果,当它开始歌唱时,是那么娴熟,那么舒展,特别是用舌的颤动让气流滚动发出的一串串的颤音,简直是美妙难言。就这样老鸟与小鸟开始了西洋美声与传统戏曲的结合。这一对“断背山”似的好兄弟,当一个见不到另一个时,就会焦急地相互呼唤,宛如隔山对话。

  一年年过去,老鸟老了,小鸟成年了。老鸟歌唱的声音越来越低,歌唱次数越来越少。小鸟却越来越活泼,越来越调皮。老鸟已经老到除了吃点喝点什么都懒得做,有时早早地就站在鸟笼里的水缸上睡觉(它永远睡在水缸上,而小鸟睡在米缸上),我时常对它说:“老鸟啊,你好好地活着,你不会唱了也没关系。”

  老鸟每天安逸地过着,“聆听”着小鸟的大呼小叫。昨天傍晚我照例给两只鸟喂菜,老鸟见了我又热情,又激动,我能感觉到它从未有过的高兴,就像人高兴起来双脚紧促地踩地。它欢快地吃菜、吃米、喝水,跳啊,飞啊,而且面对我不停地唱。我对妈妈和先生说:“老鸟很兴奋,很反常,可能要死了。”晚上妈妈叫它,它也回答妈妈,妈妈也奇怪:“它平时是不理我的,是不是回光返照?”

  今天一早我就去看老鸟,好好的,就又给它菜吃,它站在菜叶上使劲地吃(很长一段时间它是吃不动菜了)。中午再一看,它站在横杆上缩成一团,头埋在翅膀下,像刺猬一样,浑身发抖。我急忙叫它,隐约听到它翅膀下发出的叽叽声。我感觉不好,忙叫妈妈。但我又怀疑它是不是睡着了在打呼。一会儿再看,它移位到笼子底部中央,还是蹲在地上发抖;再过一会儿,它又移位到紧靠笼子边的地方。

  妈妈要我拿小棍碰碰它,我说:“它要去了,就让它安安静静地去,不要打扰它。”妈妈又要我把它拿出去晒太阳,我说:“虽然太阳很好但气温很低,它受不了的。”但不到一分钟,出现了我意想不到的一幕:老鸟突然双翅展开,头猛地向后一仰,然后慢慢地依在笼子边的横栏上,就像斜放在枕头上安详地睡去。它身没有倒地,而用双翅和尾巴支撑着,做出了一副飞翔的造型。我差点流出泪来。

  我至今想不明白,老鸟怎么会在那种浑身发抖缩成一团的状况下,从凌空的横杆上移位到笼边?它一次次换位置难道就是为了把头斜放到横栏上,与双翅尾巴一起形成支点,以一个凌空展翅的美丽造型飞向它的天堂?

  老鸟飞去了,小黄鸟是知道的,昨天它一声不响,没有像往常一样在看不见老鸟时一声声呼叫,并等待老鸟的回应。当我收拾好老鸟的笼子后,小黄鸟才开始大声地歌唱,声音是那样的凄厉。我到这时才理解了小黄鸟的痛苦,可见它也是有情有义的生灵。(选自《文汇报·笔会》2007年2月,有删改)

1.当“我”领回做伴的小黄鸟时,褐色芙蓉鸟为什么“毫不理会”?

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2.文章多次使用对比的手法写褐色芙蓉鸟,请认真阅读文章,从中选出两处,分析这样写的作用。

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3.联系全文,分析题目“动人心弦的绝唱”有哪些含义?

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4.有人主张将结尾画线句改成“当我收拾好老鸟的笼子后,却发现,耳边从此消失了小黄鸟的歌声”,你认为改得好不好?为什么?

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多项选择题

Many animals and plants threatened with extinction could be saved if scientists spent more time talking with the native people whose knowledge of local species is dying out as fast as their languages are being lost.
Potentially vital information about many endangered species is locked in the vocabulary and expressions of local people, yet biologists are failing to tap into this huge source of knowledge before it is lost for good, scientists said. "It seems logical that the biologists should go and talk to the indigenous people who know more about the local environment than anyone else," said David Harrison, an assistant professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania.
"Most of what humans know about ecosystems and species is not found in databases or libraries or written down anywhere. It’s in people’s heads. It’s in purely oral traditions," Dr. Harrison told the American Association for the Advancement of Science in San Francisco. "About 80 per cent of the animals and plants visible to the naked eye have not yet been classified by science. It doesn’t mean they are unknown; it just means we have a knowledge gap."

Why does the author say that indigenous languages hold the key to saving endangered species

An estimated 7,000 languages are spoken in the world but more than half of them are dying out so fast that they will be lost completely by the end of the century as children learn more common languages, such as English or Spanish. He cited the example of a South American skipper butterfly, Astraptes fulgerator, which scientists thought was just one species until a DNA study three years ago revealed that it was in fact 10 different species whose camouflaged colouration made the adult forms appear identical to one another.
Yet if the scientists had spoken to the Tzeltal-speaking people of Mexico-descendants of the Maya--they might have learnt this information much sooner because Tzeltal has several descriptions of the butterflies based on the different kinds of caterpillar. "These people live on the territory of that butterfly habitat and in fact care very little about the adult butterfly but they have a very-fine grained classification for the larvae because the caterpillars affect their crops and their agriculture," Dr. Harrison said.
"It’s crucial for them to know which larva is eating which crop and at what time of year. Their survival literally depends on knowing that, whereas the adult butterfly has no impact on their crops," he said. "There was a knowledge gap on both sides and if they had been talking to each other they might have figured out sooner that they were dealing with a species complex," he said.
"Indigenous people often have classification systems that are often more fine-grained and more precise than what Western science knows about species and their territories. " Another example of local knowledge was shown by the Musqueam people of British Columbia in Canada, who have fished the local rivers for generations and describe the trout and the salmon as belonging to the same group.
In 2003 they were vindicated when a genetic study revealed that the "trout" did in fact belong to the same group as Pacific salmon, Dr. Harrison said. "It seems obvious that knowing more about species and ecosystems would put us in a better position to sustain those species and ecosystems," he said. "That’s my argument, that the knowledge gap is vastly to the detriment of Western science. We know much less than we think we do. \