问题 改错题

阅读下列材料,回答问题。(14分)

材料一:史学家布克哈特在评论一场思想解放运动是说“有信仰、幻想和幼稚的偏见织成的神学纱幕最先在意大利烟消云散了”。在次运动期间,意大利涌现出一批杰出的艺术家和思想家。诗人但丁的作品强调了人的价值和理性的伟大,闪烁着人文主义最初的光辉,体现了这场运动的核心主张。

(1)、在西方社会的近代化历程中,哪一运动为资产阶级革命的到来,作了思想上的准备?这一运动的核心主张是什么? (2分)

材料二:“这位先生作为军官……将比联邦中的任何其他人更能博得全美国的支持,更能联合东部十三州的真诚努力。 

――大陆会议上关于大陆军总司令人选的提议

(2)、材料二中这位军官是谁?为什么有人说“他创立了美国”?(3分)

材料三: 1846年,英国煤炭产量已经达到4400万吨,成为欧洲乃至全世界第一大产煤国。从此,英国到处建立起大工厂,那些高耸入云的烟囱喷出缕缕烟雾,庞大的厂房发出隆隆的轰鸣,打破了原来中世纪田园生活的恬静。

——《重新定义世界和我们的生活:低碳之路》

(3)材料三所描述的现象产生的主要原因是什么?(2分)

材料四:“各缔约国同意对于欧洲或北美之一或整个缔约国之武装攻击,应视为对缔约国全体之攻击。” 各缔约国可采取必要之行动,包括武力。

(4)材料四反应的是哪一军事组织的建立?它体现了哪一政策?(2分)

材料五:二战以后,美国的工业产量占整个资本主义世界的一半以上,黄金储备更是达到四分之三。90年代以后,美国经济进入新经济时代。

(5)根据材料五,概括指出二战后美国的世界经济地位,并指出美国新经济的主要特征是什么?(3分)(6)上述材料中提到的历史事件,都推动了当时社会的发展与进步。通过对上述材料的分析,请归纳出推动社会发展的主要因素。(2分)

答案

文艺复兴、人文主义(2分) 

(2)华盛顿;领导了美国独立战争,建立了美利坚合众国;参与制定了1787年宪法,担任了美国第一届总统。(3分)

(3)1840年前后,英国工业革命完成,在工业革命中发明的蒸汽机大量投入使用,大机器生产已成为主要工业生产方式。(此答案的要点是蒸汽机大量用于大机器生产。)(2分)

(4)北大西洋公约组织、“冷战”政策(2分)

(5)二战后,美国成为世界上最富有的国家(或美国经济居世界第一位)。(1分)信息化、全球化。(2分)(3分)

(6)推动社会发展的主要因素:思想解放、社会革命、科学技术的进步等。(2分)(两点即可)

题目分析:

第(1)问,主要考查学生对文艺复兴的准确识记,解答本题的关键是准确理解材料,获取有效信息,材料中“一场思想解放运动、意大利、诗人但丁、人文主义”这些关键词可以告诉我们,此处指的就是文艺复兴运动,而文艺复兴运动的核心就是人文主义。

第(2)问,主要考查学生对美国独立战争的准确识记,解答本题的关键是准确理解材料,获取有效信息,材料中的“联邦、全美国、联合东部十三州、大陆会议、大陆军总司令人选”这些关键词告诉我们这位军官就是领导美国独立战争的华盛顿;华盛顿领导了美国的独立战争,之后又建立了美利坚合众国;参与制定了1787年宪法,担任了美国第一届总统。(3分)

第(3)问,主要考查学生对工业革命的准确理解与认识,依据已学知识可知1840年前后,英国率先完成了工业革命,蒸汽机广泛地运用于工业部门,英国大机器生产已经成为工业生产的主要方式,所以出现了材料三所描述的现象。

第(4)问,主要考查学生对美苏争霸的准确认识,解答本题的关键是准确理解材料,获取有效信息,材料中的语句:欧洲对北美一个或数个缔约国的武装进攻,应视为……对全体之进攻,明确的表达出反映的是北大西洋公约组织的建立;这充分体现了美国对苏联等社会主义国家所采取的“冷战政策”。

第(5)问,主要考查学生对二战后美国经济发展的相关知识的准确理解与认识,依据已学知识可知二战后美国占据了广阔的国际市场,大力发展科技教育,是美国成为世界上最富强的国家;20世纪90年代,美国政府加大发展教育、科技事业的力度,促进了以信息产业为代表的高新技术的发展,这一时期,美国的经济政策和经济结构和以前有很大不同,美国进入新经济时代,主要特征就是:信息化和全球化。

第(6)问,主要考查学生学以致用的能力,解答本题要围绕材料的主旨分析归纳,无论是文艺复兴,还是独立战争、工业革命,三者都推动了社会的发展,所以,推动社会发展的主要因素可以依据材料归纳总结为:思想解放、社会革命、科学技术的进步等。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解

     Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big,

noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the

countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds. This movement from rural(乡下的) areas to urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years.

     In many countries, the main reason people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or two

large factories have been built in or near a town, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area

begins to grow. There is usually a_residential_area nearby, too. The families of these workers need

schools, hospitals and shops, so many people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows.

     In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main

offices. In the United States, this area is usually in the city center downtown. It is here that you can see

many huge skyscrapers(摩天大楼)and office blocks. The people who work here often travel a long way

to work each day. Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial area and the

city center. Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big gardens. There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need.

     But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger and bigger? Perhaps not. Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will

see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages.

1. The underlined phrase "a residential area" means an area________.

A. where people can buy things

B. which is suitable for living in

C. where people can do business

D. which is near a city center

2. Why do people move to live in cities or towns?

A. Because they can live more comfortably there.

B. Because they like noisy life better than peaceful life.

C. Because they mainly want to find work there.

D. Because they are sure of having a better life there.

3. Which of the following statement is NOT true about the business district?

A. Big companies usually have their main offices in the business district.

B. People usually work and live in the business district.

C. A business district usually lies in the city center downtown.

D. Nearly every major city has its own business district.

4. In the United States, many people work in the center of a big city________.

A. and live there

B. but live in the suburbs of the city

C. and live in another city

D. but live in rural areas

5. We can infer that this movement from rural to urban areas ________.

A. has been going on for more than 2,000 years

B. will surely continue in the future

C. may not continue in the future

D. has now stopped already