问题 材料分析题

材料一:今年,我国第一个省级民族自治区──内蒙古自治区成立60周年,60年来,内蒙古大草原发生了翻天覆地的历史巨变,从年人均可支配收入不足百元增加到城镇居民10358元、农牧民3342元;曾经封闭落后的贫困之地,变成人均GDP列于全国前10名、经济增长连续5年位居全国第一的富裕文明之乡。

材料二:截至目前,我国共建立了155个民族自治地方,包括5个自治区、30个自治州、120个自治县(旗)。在55个少数民族中,有44个建立了自治地方,实行区域自治的少数民族人口占少数民族总人口的71%,民族自治地方面积占全国总面积的64%多。同时,建立了1173个民族乡。

请问:

(1)材料一中内蒙古自治区60年来发生翻天覆地的历史巨变的原因有哪些?(至少答三点)

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                               (2)材料二中的数据反映了我国一项什么制度?目前我国政府处理民族关系的原则是什么?

                                                                                                                                                               

(3)我们青少年学生在日常生活中可以为民族团结做些什么?

                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                               

答案

(1)①坚持了中 * * 党的领导;②实行了民族区域自治制度;③内蒙古自治区各民族人民的团结奋斗;④坚持了以经济建设为中心,大力发展生产力等(只要答出3点即可)

(2)①民族区域自治制度,是我国的一项基本的政治制度;②民族平等、团结和共同繁荣。

(3)①要认真宣传党的民族政策,反对大汉族主义和地方民族主义,增强民族团结意识。②要多做有利于民族团结的事,与破坏民族团结、制造民族分裂的行为作斗争。③以实际行动自觉维护各民族间平等、团结、互助、和谐的关系。

(答案要点全面,意思对即可)

单项选择题
问答题

In the latest round of credit-card reforms, issuers and retailers are both playing the consumer-friendly angle. Currently lawmakers are debating whether to cut interchange fees, the tab that merchants pay to card issuers each time a customer uses plastic. While retailers claim they would pass the savings on to shoppers in the form of lower prices, card companies argue the legislation will make credit less convenient and more costly--and they may be right.

Merchants have long complained about interchange fees. They say the costs, which amount to roughly 1.6% of every transaction, erode already razor-thin margins. Last year retailers, the main supporters of three bills now working their way through Congress, forked over an estimated $ 48 billion in card fees. "We can’t keep absorbing these fees," Kathy Miller, a grocery store owner in Elmore, Vt. , testified at a congressional hearing in early October.

In their quest to win over lawmakers, retailers maintain consumers won’t get hurt--and may actually benefit. "Our market is extraordinarily competitive," says Mallory B. Duncan, general counsel of the National Retail Federation, a trade group. "If costs go down, that tends to drive down prices. "

That’s not what happened in Australia, though. In 2003 the country’s regulators cut the average interchange fee to around 0.5 % of the total bill, from 1%. But most retailers never dropped their prices, and credit-card issuers jacked up borrowers’ fees to make up for the lost revenue, according to a report by CRA International, a consultancy. After the regulation was passed, the annual fee paid by cardholders rose by 22%, to an average of $ 25.65. Annual fees on rewards cards jumped by as much as 77% since issuers’ profits took a bigger hit. Australian card companies generally levied a higher interchange fee on rewards cards to cover the added cost of the perk--as they do in the U.S.

Analysts worry that retailers and card issuers in the States would respond in much the same way. Already U.S. lenders have been raising rates and tacking on new charges for borrowers following a ban earlier this year from Congress on certain practices, including late-payment penalties. "When the banks have a major source of revenue eliminated, they need to raise [other fees] to make up for that," says David S. Evans, a lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School.Any new rules could make it less convenient for consumers to opt for credit over cash. As part of the proposals, lawmakers are considering whether to let retailers set a minimum payment for purchases with plastic; they now risk paying a hefty fine for doing so. If such changes are made, customers won’t be able to pull out their cards all the time. Merchants may also have the option of rejecting a specific card, like a reward card, if they think the interchange fees are too high. Currently retailers must accept all products under a single brand such as Visa. "Consumers want to be able to use their card for any kind of purchase," says Shawn Miles, MasterCard World wide’s head of global public policy. The legislation is "anti-consumer. "Such a defense may work A report by the Government Accountability Office, an investigative arm of Congress, due out by Now. 19, is weighing the potential impact of proposed rules on the care-carrying masses. If the GAO finds that only merchants benefit from lower interchange fees, card companies may win. Says Brian Gardner, a vice-president at research firm Keefe, Bruyette & Woods. "If the report comes out and says there is little evidence that [the benefits] would be passed on to consumers, then I think the oxygen gets sucked out of this thing. \1.What are interchange fees Why does the author say "issuers and retailers are both playing the consumer-friendly angle" (Para. 1)