问题 填空题

(10分)已知A、B、C是第2周期的非金属元素,其原子序数依次增大,且它们之间可以形成AC和BC以及AC2和BC2分子,D元素是一种短周期元素,它与A、B、C可分别形成电子总数相等的三种分子。请填空:

(1)写出A、B、C、D对应的元素符号:A.______、B. _____、C.______、D.______。

(2)写出工业生产中BD3与氧气反应的化学方程式:__________________________。

  (3)你认为B、C、D元素形成的化合物之间_________(填“能”或“不能”)发生下面的反应BC+BD3    D  BC2+D2C,得出上面结论的理由是________________。

  (4)Ⅰ.恒温恒压下,在一体积可变的密闭容器中发生下列反应:

4AC(g)+2BC2(g)     4AC2(g)+B2(g),在上述条件下,向容器中充入AC和BC2各1 mol达平衡时,生成AC2和B2共a mol,则AC的转化率是__________(用含a的代数式表示)。

Ⅱ.若维持温度不变,在一个与Ⅰ反应前的起始体积相同容积固定的密闭容器中发生Ⅰ中所述的化学反应,开始时仍向容器中充入AC和BC2各1 mol,达平衡时生成AC2和B2共b mol,将b与Ⅰ中的a进行比较,则a_________b(填“>”“<”“=”或“不能确定”=。

答案

(1)C  N  O  H

(2)4NH3+5O24NO+5H2O

(3)不能 在此反应关系中,只有失电子的物质,没有得电子的物质

(4)Ⅰ.80a% Ⅱ.>

本题是元素化合物及平衡的综合题,涉及的知识面较宽,考查学生的综合运用能力。思路如下:A、B、C是第2周期的非金属元素,其原子序数依次增大是一个突破口,D元素是一种短周期元素,它与A、B、C可分别形成电子总数相等的三种分子是另一个突破口,即等电子体,再加上所告诉的分子式,所以可知A.C;B.N;C.O;D.H。

(2)NH3的催化氧化原理:4NH3+5O24NO+5H2O

(3)氧化还原反应遵守得失电子守恒的原理:有得有失。本方程式只有失电子的物质,没有得电子的物质,所以不能发生。

(4)该反应是4CO+2NO2====4CO2+N2,由题意可知CO2为4a/5 mol, N2为a/5 mol,所以转化的CO为4a/5 mol,,转化率为80a%。向容器中充入AC和BC2各1 mol,容积体积相同且固定,即恒温恒容,反应向正方向进行,所以压强减小,导致恒温恒压下的压强大于恒温恒容时的压强,所以恒温恒压下反应向正方向进行程度大,所以a>b。

阅读理解

For many years, no one could communicate with people who had been born without hearing. These deaf people were not able to use a spoken language.

But, beginning in the 1700s, the deaf were taught a special language. Using the language, they could share thoughts and ideas with others. The language they used was a language without sound. It was a sign language.

How did this sign language work? The deaf were taught to make certain movements using their hands, faces, and bodies. These movements stood for things and ideas. People might move their forefingers across their lips. This meant, “You are not telling the truth.” They might tap their chins with three fingers. This meant, “my uncle”.

The deaf were also taught to use a finger alphabet(字母表). They used their fingers to make the letters of the alphabet. In this way, they spelled out words. Some deaf people could spell out words at a speed of 130 words per minute.

Sign language and finger spelling are not used as much as they once were. Today the deaf are taught to understand others by watching their lips. They are taught how to speak.

小题1:In the 1700s, the deaf were taught __________.

A.to speak

B.to watch others

C.a sign language

D.a spoken language小题2:The word forefingers in paragraph 3 means__________.

A.the finger next to the thumb (拇指)

B.three fingers

C.a language

D.hands小题3:On the whole the story is about __________.

A.how the deaf communicate

B.learning to spell

C.teaching the deaf to speak

D.writing sign languages小题4:Which of these sentences do you think is RIGHT?

A.Deaf people draw signs

B.Deaf people can’t use their fingers.

C.Many deaf people now can speak

D.Deaf people speak with their fingers.

单项选择题