问题 问答题 简答题

冬季砌石的主要施工方法有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

冬季砌石的主要施工方法是:

(1)设置活动式或固定式的暖棚砌筑;并向暖棚内配给足够的热量和湿气,使地面处的温度不低于+5℃,所用石料应提前运入棚内以预热石温,砌筑用砂浆的温度应不低于+15℃;

⑵使用抗冻砂浆砌筑;

⑶采用其他能确保砌体不受冻害的方法。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面一篇议论文,完成问题。

没有阅读力,何来阅读率

郝铭鉴

  ①这些年来,关于社会阅读率的调查,有关部门做得很认真,很细致,逐年公布。每次都会引起一阵惊呼,建立中国读书节的倡议也随之提出,一浪高过一浪。毫无疑问,这一调查是有价值、有意义的,从中可以看出社会的文化变迁,看出民族的精神走向,为出版计划的制订、文化政策的调整,提供重要的参照系。然而,我们应该明白,阅读力是阅读率的基础。没有阅读力,何来阅读率?所以,阅读力比阅读率更值得关注。

  ②所谓阅读力,笔者认为,是指对文字为主的精神产品识读、理解和消化的能力。阅读力表现出一个人的文化素养,也表现出一个民族的精神境界。当今阅读力的现状为何?个人不敢妄加判断,但我也不想讳言,确实看到了一些“不祥之兆”。

  ③比如,在中学教材里,鲁迅正面临挑战。他的文章虽不如“谣传”那样“大幅削减”,但确实“有所调整”。《药》啊,《为了忘却的纪念》啊,这些传统篇目已淡出视野。为什么要这样做呢?据说是因为中学生“读不懂鲁迅”。校园里流行的一首顺口溜便是证据:“一怕文言文,二怕写作文,三怕周树人。”当年鲁迅的文章一经刊载,读者奔走相告,先睹为快;而今鲁迅却成了一种障碍,一种压力。世事变迁,让人感慨系之。这种情况的出现,当然有种种原因,但阅读力的下滑,应该算做一条吧。

  ④比如,在不少“选秀”场合,经常会传出语文笑话。古人说过,“读书必先识字”,今天的年轻人,也许外语说得很溜,汽车开得很酷,电脑玩得很转,恰恰是“识字”这一环节成了弱项。什么叫“杯水车薪”——用一杯水做出租车的车费;什么叫“狡兔三窟”——抓一个狡猾的兔子要挖三个洞……这类让人喷饭的答案出现在一个人身上,可以说是喜剧;出现在一群人身上,则成了悲剧。凭借这样的语文水平,阅读自然便成了奢侈。

  ⑤比如,出版市场上“图”书大受青睐,不仅有动漫、绘本,还有“画说”、“图解”。我们迎来了一个“读图时代”。出版物形态的改变,反映了出版技术和出版观念的进步,我们是应该举双手欢迎的;但是从阅读主体来说,则不能一概而论,不排除其中有阅读力下滑的因素。有些人之所以读图,是因为他们只能读图。传统的阅读习惯正在慢慢消失:读图代替了读文,读屏代替了读书,读博客代替了读经典,读故事代替了读思想……于是,“轻阅读”“浅阅读”“软阅读”成了流行风景。阅读率虽在保持,阅读力却在萎缩。

  ⑥笔者以为,保护阅读力、提升阅读力也应该是一项当务之急。阅读力当然是在阅读实践中形成的,问题是这种阅读实践不能被娱乐牵着鼻子走,而应该是一场知识挑战,一种思想训练。让我们从认真读书开始吧。今年年初,温 * * * * 和网民聊天时,曾说了这样一段语重心长的话:“我非常希望提倡全民读书。我愿意看到人们坐地铁的时候能够手里拿上一本书。我一直认为,知识不仅给人力量,还给人安全,给人幸福。多读书吧,这就是我的希望。”

  ⑦“多读书吧”,温 * * 的这句话,让我们看到了阅读的明天。(选自2009年12月11日《解放日报》,略有改动)

1.作者在文中阐述的主要观点是:_______________________。

2.第②段中的“不祥之”在文中具体指什么?请分项列举。

__________________________________

3.第⑥段引用了温 * * * * 的话,作用是什么?

__________________________________

4.联系以下材料并结合全文,选出下列关于提升阅读力的做法表述不正确的一项(  )

(1)调查显示,2008年,全国只有5.6%的国民知道有阅读活动或阅读节,有74.4%的国民表示没有阅读活动或阅读节,另有20%的国民表示不知道是否举办过阅读活动。

(2)每年的两会上,都有代表、委员提议设立国家阅读日或读书节:新闻出版总署也推出农家书屋、社区书屋,开展校园阅读工程等活动。

(3)当下,与功利性的阅读相比,提高文化修养、陶冶情操的阅读时常面临尴尬的局面。而各种“升职记”“营销三十六计”“商战孙子兵法”之类图书却受到都市白领追捧。

A.加强舆论宣传,让更多的人了解身边的阅读活动,自觉加入到阅读活动中来。

B.倡议设立国家阅读日或读书节,大力开展多种形式的读书活动。

C.重视阅读实践,把知识积累和思想训练结合起来,让娱乐远离我们的阅读实践。

D.摒弃功利化阅读,多读经典,提高自己的文化修养、陶冶自己的情操。

阅读理解

From poor beginnings to most expensive player

ZINEDINE Zidane,who dreams of leading France to its second World Cup title in a row next month,has always preferred to express himself with a football rather than with words.

Last Wednesday Zidane scored the decisive goal when Real Madrid of Spain won the Champions League final against Germany's Leverkusen 2一1.

He became one of the world’s most expensive players when he joined Real Madrid from Italy's Juventus for US $ 66 million.And he has been a national hero since he scored twice in the 3-O defeat of Brazil in the 1998 World Cup Final.

But despite his success,Zidane has always kept his feet on the ground.He leads a quite family life,there is hardly any gossip about him and he avoids putting his wife and two children in the spotlight.

“Just because I'm a public figure it doesn't mean I have to express myself on everything.I don't like to discuss some personal matters publicly.”he said.

Even as a child playing football in the slum area of Marseille,France,where he was raised by his Algerian parents,Zidane was shy.

He loved football even as a little kid.“I realized football is a wonderful mixture of a sharp mind and hard training rather than just talking,”he said.

Even when the match awards were just chocolate and bread,Zidane found that football made his poor childhood rich.

Before he was 10 years old,it was obvious that he could become a great footballer.He was offered his first professional contract(合同)when he was just 20.Now,at the age of 29,he has already picked up two World Player  of the year awards.

This quiet striker has not yet spoken of his hopes for the coming World Cup.But his fans across the world will be eagerly watching him to see what he'll do this time.

小题1: What did Zidane learn from his childhood football experience? He learned that_____________.

A.he could become a great footballer

B.he could become rich if he became a footballer

C.football is a mixture of a sharp mind and hard training but not just talking

D.football is a favorite sport in the future小题2:According to the article,what are Zidane’s main characteristics?

A.He is a shy but successful man.

B.H e loves his wife and children.

C.He doesn't like to speak in public.

D.He is a quiet,down—to earth person of few words.小题3: When the writer says“Zidane has always kept his feet on the ground”,he means_________.

A.Zidane spends more time standing than sitting most days

B.Zidane is a down-to earth person

C.Zidane has spent most of his time training on the pitch

D.Zidane likes standing when he succeeds小题4:The sentence“Zidane found that football made his poor childhood rich”means___________.

A.football made Zidane's poor family wealthy when he was a child

B.Zidane knew that football could bring him fame and wealth even when he was a child

C.football brought happiness to Zidane when he was a child in a poor family

D.Zidane knew that if he wanted to be rich he must play football from childhood