问题 问答题 案例分析题

某男性患者,63岁,工人,20年前无明显原因出现左腰部酸胀痛,以晨起、久坐后明显,活动后腰痛好转,放射到左臀部或股后,卧床休息时疼痛不明显,夜间疼痛无明显加重,不影响睡眠,饮食正常,体重无明显减轻。体查:腰椎生理弯曲变平,脊柱弹性差,活动度差,双侧腰竖脊肌痉挛,张力高,以左侧尤甚,L~S左椎旁压痛,放射到左臀部或股后,坐骨神经行程无压痛,双“4”字试验阴性,双下肢直腿抬高试验阴性,双下肢皮肤感觉、腱反射、下肢肌力对称,无减弱,无病理反射。辅助检查:腰椎正侧位X片示腰椎退变。请回答下列问题:

此种治疗方法后的护理要点是什么?

答案

参考答案:

护理要点:①按局麻护理常规护理。②术后平卧24小时。③了解术中情况,观察病情并做好记录。④预防感染:遵医嘱使用抗生素3~4天。⑤注意保持脊柱稳定,防止扭曲。⑥注意观察双下肢活动和小便情况。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

      A few years ago I asked my children's governess, Julia Vassilyevna, to come into my study.

     " Sit down, Julia Vassilyevna," I said."Let's settle our accounts. Although you most likely need some

money, you stand on ceremony and won't ask for it yourself. Now then, we agree on thirty rubles a

month…"

    " Forty."

    " No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay the governess thirty. Now then, you've been here two

months, so…"

     " Two months and five days."

    " Exactly two months. I made a specific note of it. That means you have sixty rubles coming to you.

Subtract nine Sundays… you know you didn't work with Kolya on Sundays, you only took walks. And

three holidays…"

     Julia Vassilyevna flushed a deep red and picked at the flounce of her dress, but-not a word.

     " Three holidays, therefore take off twelve rubles. Four days Kolya was sick and there were no

 lessons, as you were occupied only with Vanya. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you

permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven-nineteen. Subtract…that leaves…hmm…forty-one

rubles. Correct?"

     Julia Vassilyena's left eye reddened and filled with moisture. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but-not a word.

     " Around New Year's you broke a teacup and saucer: take off two rubles. The cup cost more, it was

an heirloom, but-let it go. When didn't I take a loss? Then, due to your neglect, Kolya climbed a tree

and tore his jacket: take off ten. Also due to your heedlessness the maid stole Vanya's shoes. You ought

to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more rubles off. The tenth of January I gave

you ten rubles…"

     " You didn't " whispered Julia Vassilyevna.

     " But I made a note of it."

     " Well…all right."

     " Take twenty-seven from forty-one-that leaves fourteen."

      Both eyes filled with tears. Perspiration appeared on the thin, pretty little nose. Poor girl!

     " Only once was I given any money," she said in a trembling voice, " and that was by your wife. Three

rubles, nothing more."

     " Really? You see now, and I didn't make a note of it! Take three from fourteen… leaves eleven.

Here's your money, my dear. Three , three, three, one and one. Here it is!"

     I handed her eleven rubles. She took them and with trembling fingers stuffed them into her pocket.

     " Merci," she whispered.

     I jumped up and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger.

     " For what, this-'merci'?" I asked.

     " For the money."

     " But you know I've cheated you, God's sake-robbed you! I have actually stolen from you! Why

this 'merci'?"

     " In my other places they didn't give me anything at all."

     " They didn't give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach

you … I'm going to give you the entire eighty rubles! Here they are in an envelope all ready for you…Is it

really possible to be so spineless? Why don't you protest? Why be silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws-to be such a nincompoop?"

     She smiled crookedly and I read in her expression: " It is possible."

     I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and , to her great surprise, gave her the eighty rubles. She

murmured her litter "merci" several times and went out. I looked after her and thought: "How easy it is to

crush the weak in this world!"

1. When the employer called Julia Vassilyevna in to talk with him, what he really wanted

     to do was _______

A. to settle their accounts

B. to criticize her for neglecting her duties as a governess.

C. to play a joke on her so as to amuse himself.

D. to teach her not to be so spineless.

2. The employer made all those criticisms about Julia Vassiliyevna's work because __________.

A. she had neglected her duties.

B. he wanted to pay her as little money as possible.

C. he wanted to make her realize that she was being cheated and protest against it.

D. he wanted to make her feel miserable.

3. Julia Vassilyevna accepted everything her employer said because ________.

A. she had in fact neglected her duties.

B. she was a very dumb girl.

C. she thought it was of no use to protest to her employer.

D. she loved the children she taught.

4. The employer became very angry when Julia Vassilyevna said " Merci" because ________.

A. she didn't say "Merci" loudly.

B. she didn't protest to him.

C. he thought that by simply saying " Merci" she wasn't polite enough.

D. he didn't like the way in which she stuffed the money into per pocket and expressed her thanks.

5. The text is about _______.

A. how a governess was cheated by her employer.

B. how an employer tried to teach the governess a cruel lesson.

C. how a governess was fired by her employer for being a nincompoop.

D. how an employer punished the governess for not having done a good job.