问题 实验题

(8分)如图甲所示,利用打点计时器测量小车沿斜面下滑时所受阻力的示意图,小车拖在斜面上下滑时,打出的一段纸带如图乙所示,其中O为小车开始运动时打出的点。设在斜面上运动时所受阻力恒定。

(1)已知打点计时器使用的交流电频率为50 Hz,则小车下滑的加速度α=       m/s2,打E点时小车速度=     m/s(均取两位有效数字)。

(2)为了求出小车在下滑过程中所受的阻力,可运用牛顿运动定律或动能定理求解,在这两种方案中除知道小车下滑的加速度a、打E点时速度、小车质量m、重力加速度g外,利用米尺还需要测量哪些物理量,列出阻力的表达式。

方案一:需要测量的物理量            ,阻力的表达式(用字母表示)          

方案二:需要测量的物理量           ,阻力的表达式(用字母表示)           。

答案

(1)4.1   2.5   (2)一:测量斜面的长度L和高度H ,

方案二:测量斜面长度L和高度H,还有纸带上OE距离S,

题目分析:(1)根据可知,小车加速度为4.1m/s2,

(2)根据受力分析结合正交分解,下车下滑时,所以一种方法测量斜面倾角,即测量斜面的长度L和高度H,则

另一种方法测量斜面长度L和高度H,还有纸带上OE距离S,根据可以得到加速度a,则

点评:此类题型考察了利用打点计时器测量加速度以及瞬时速度并结合牛顿第二定律测量摩擦力的方法

填空题

Perhaps, every county suffered from inflation once or more times. Inflation is an economic condition in (B1) prices for consumer goods (B2) , and the (B3) of money or purchasing power decreases. There are three causes of inflation. The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending. For example, in order to (B4) a war or carry (B5) social programs, the government may spend more money than it has received through taxes and other revenues, thus creating a deficit. In order to (B6) this deficit, the Treasury Department can simply (B7) the money supply by issuing more paper money to (B8) the debts of government. This increase in the money supply will cause the value of the dollar to (B9) decrease. The second cause of inflation occurs when the money supply increases faster than the supply of goods. (B10) people have more money, they will run out to buy popular goods (B11) televisions and computers, for example, and a shortage will result. Industry will then produce more, at higher prices, to (B12) demand. (B13) , if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up, they will buy and even borrow money at high (B14) rates to pay for them. Finally, if labor unions demand that workers’ wages (B15) or (B16) the high cost of living, industry will meet this demand and add other costs of production on the (B17) . (B18) summary, all of these causes can (B19) inflationary problems that can affect the welfare of a nation. However, of these three causes, (B20) government spending may be the most important.

A.On

B.At

C.In

D.By

问答题 简答题